Plant Soil Environ., 2023, 69(5):238-246 | DOI: 10.17221/149/2023-PSE

Different technologies of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivation and their effects on water runoff and soil erosionOriginal Paper

Jiří Záruba1,2, Pavel Formánek1, David Kincl1,2, Jan Vopravil1,2, Helena Kusá3, Pavel Růžek3, David Kabelka1,4, Pavel Kasal5
1 Research Institute for Soil and Water Conservation, Prague, Czech Republic
2 Department of Land Use and Improvement, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague – Suchdol, Czech Republic
3 Crop Research Institute, Prague, Czech Republic
4 Department of Agroecosystems, Faculty of Agriculture and Technology, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
5 Potato Research Institute Havlíčkův Brod, Havlíčkův Brod, Czech Republic

Surface runoff and soil losses in the case of potato cultivation using de-stoning technology on gentle slopes (Haplic Cambisol) were studied in 2020–2022. Different ridges shapes were compared: control (smooth shaped ridges), pits, pits plus loosening, pits plus loosening plus cover crop (Triticum aestivum L.) sowing in trail furrows. Runoff and soil losses were studied approximately 1 and 2 months after planting potatoes. The obtained results showed the highest reduction of surface runoff and soil losses in the treatment with cover crop sowing. In this variant, soil losses were reduced by 65–81% (1 month after planting) and 54–85% (2 months after planting) in case of simulated rainfall on the soil with natural moisture (or these losses were reduced by 51–93% and 50–76% in case of 15-min rainfall). On average, tuber yields reached 29.4 t/ha (pits + loosening) to 30.6 t/ha (pits) in 2020–2022. The different abilities of the tested shapes of ridges and furrows to retain water did not significantly affect the achieved yields of tubers, as rainfall was not a limiting factor in the monitored period. The yield differences among all tested treatments reached units of tons per hectare if the entire dose of nitrogen was applied at planting. Splitting the total nitrogen dose (50% at planting, 50% at loosening) gave significantly (P < 0.05) higher yields (34.2 t/ha) than a single application at planting. The treatment pits plus loosening with fertilisation provided a 19–26% higher tuber yield than pits plus loosening with a total N dose applied at planting.

Keywords: crop canopy; erodibility; fertiliser; water retention; wheat

Received: April 6, 2023; Revised: May 12, 2023; Accepted: May 15, 2023; Prepublished online: May 30, 2023; Published: May 31, 2023  Show citation

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Záruba J, Formánek P, Kincl D, Vopravil J, Kusá H, Růžek P, et al.. Different technologies of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivation and their effects on water runoff and soil erosion. Plant Soil Environ. 2023;69(5):238-246. doi: 10.17221/149/2023-PSE.
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