Plant Soil Environ., 2025, 71(11):820-828 | DOI: 10.17221/334/2025-PSE

Quantitative and qualitative changes in the green mass protein of white lupin during the growing seasonOriginal Paper

Eva Straková ORCID...1, Pavel Suchý1
1 Department of Animal Husbandry, Animal Nutrition and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary, Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic

The aim of the study was to assess the quantitative and qualitative changes in crude protein of the white lupin (Lupinus albus L.) green mass during the growing season in stands of three cultivars of white lupin (ZULIKA, AMIGA, DIETA), intended for feeding purposes as protein roughage, when grown under the same soil and climatic conditions in the Czech Republic. Changes in the crude protein and amino acid content were monitored during the growing season from the 9th to the 18th week of stand age. Changes in the crop dry weight were characterised by a statistically significant (P ≤ 0.05) decrease in crude protein from the 9th to the 15th week of stand age (ZULIKA 203.50–176.82 g/kg, AMIGA 190.58–161.59 g/kg, DIETA 201.41–175.84 g/kg). In the following period, during the maturation of lupin pods, from the 15th to the 18th week, the change in the crude protein content of the green matter was not statistically significant (ZULIKA 176.82–162.12 g/kg, AMIGA 161.59–150.95 g/kg, DIETA 175.84–175.24 g/kg). For most of the amino acids studied, a decrease in their content in the dry weight of the green matter was demonstrated from the 9th to the 15th week, with a subsequent statistically significant (P ≤ 0.05) increase from the 15th to the 18th week of stand age. Interesting differences were observed in the arginine content, which showed a statistically significant increase (P ≤ 0.05) during the growing season (ZULIKA 7.93–16.03 g/kg, AMIGA 6.88–13.04 g/kg, DIETA 7.56–17.45 g/kg). Changes in the dry weight of the crop in the crude protein and amino acid content can be considered characteristic of lupin crops because of the identical evidence in all three white lupin cultivars studied.

Keywords: Fabaceae; annual forage; vegetation phase; green mass production; nutrition

Received: July 28, 2025; Revised: October 7, 2025; Accepted: October 13, 2025; Prepublished online: November 13, 2025; Published: November 28, 2025  Show citation

ACS AIP APA ASA Harvard Chicago Chicago Notes IEEE ISO690 MLA NLM Turabian Vancouver
Straková E, Suchý P. Quantitative and qualitative changes in the green mass protein of white lupin during the growing season. Plant Soil Environ. 2025;71(11):820-828. doi: 10.17221/334/2025-PSE.
Share...
Download citation
  • BibTeX (.bib)
  • Bookends (.ris)
  • EasyBib (.ris)
  • EndNote (.enw)
  • EndNote 8 (.xml)
  • ISI WoS (.isi)
  • Medlars (.medlars)
  • Mendeley (.ris)
  • MODS (.xml)
  • Papers (.ris)
  • RefWorks (.txt)
  • RefManager (.ris)
  • RIS (.ris)
  • MS Word (.xml)
  • Zotero (.ris)
    • Open full article

    References

    1. Akil D., Okant M. (2020): Effect of planting times growth and yield of white lupin (Lupinus albus L.). Legume Research, 43: 432-435.
    2. AOAC (1995): Association of Official Analytical Chemists. Official Method of Analysis. 16th Edition. Washington, Association of Official Analytical Chemists.
    3. Borowska M., Prusinski J., Kaszkowiak E. (2015): Production results of intensification of cultivation technologies in three lupin (Lupinus L.) species. Plant, Soil and Environment, 61: 426-431. Go to original source...
    4. Boukid F., Pasqualone A. (2022): Lupine (Lupinus spp.) proteins: characteristics, safety and food applications. European Food Research and Technology, 248: 345-356. Go to original source...
    5. Damborg V.K., Jensen S.K., Weisbjerg M.R., Adamsen A.P., Stødkilde L. (2020): Screw-pressed fractions from green forages as animal feed: chemical composition and mass balances. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 261: 114401. Go to original source...
    6. Friehiwot A., Bimrew A., Likawent Y. (2019): Growth, yield and yield component attributes of narrow-leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.) varieties in the highlands of Ethiopia. Tropical Grasslands-Forrajes Tropicales, 7: 48-55. Go to original source...
    7. Gatel F. (1994): Protein quality of legume seeds for nonruminant animals: a literature review. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 45: 317-348. Go to original source...
    8. Georgieva N., Kosev V., Vasileva I. (2024): Suitability of Lupinus albus L. genotypes for organic farming in central Northern Bulgaria. Agronomy, 14: 506. Go to original source...
    9. Hýbl M., Ondřej M., Seidenglanz M., Vaculík A. (2011): Methodology for growing white, yellow and narrow-leaved lupine. Certified methodology. AGRITEC, Breeding Research and Services, 1-32. (In Czech)
    10. McCartney D., Fraser J. (2010): The potential role of annual forage legumes in Canada: a review. Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 90: 403-420. Go to original source...
    11. Monteiro M.R.P., Costa A.B.P., Campos S.F., Silva M.R., da Silva C.O., Martino H.S.D., Silvestre M.P.C. (2014): Evaluation of the chemical composition, protein quality and digestibility of lupin (Lupinus albus and Lupinus angustifolius). Mundo Da Saúde, 38: 251-259. Go to original source...
    12. Msaddak A., Quinones M., Mars M., Pueyo J. (2023): The beneficial effects of inoculation with selected nodule-associated PGPR on white lupin are comparable to those of inoculation with symbiotic rhizobia. Plants-Basel, 12: 4109. Go to original source...
    13. MoA Czech Republic (2024): Situation and prospective report Legumes 2023/2024. Prague, Ministry of Agriculture, Czech Republic. Available at: www.mze.gov.cz (In Czech)
    14. Okuyucu F., Akdemir H., Kýr B., Okuyucu B.R., Baylan M. (2004): Investigations on the yield and feed value of some yellow (Lupinus luteus L.) and blue (Lupinus angustifolius L.) sweet lupins as well as white (Lupinus albus L.) bitter lupins under the cultivation conditions of Ödemiş. Journal of Agriculture Faculty of Ege University, 41: 89-98.
    15. Pospišil A., Pospišil M. (2015): Influence of sowing density on agronomic traits of lupins (Lupinus spp.). Plant, Soil and Environment, 61: 422-425. Go to original source...
    16. Pospišil A., Ivanovič K., Pospišil M. (2022): The potential of white lupin (Lupinus albus L.) seed and biomass yield in organic farming. Poljop-rivreda, 28: 18-23. Go to original source...
    17. Reverter M., Lundh T., Lindberg L.E. (1999): Ileal amino acid digestibilities in pigs of barley-based diets with inclusion of lucerne (Medicago sativa), white clover (Trifolium repens), red clover (Trifolium pratense) or perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne). British Journal of Nutrition, 82: 139-147. Go to original source...
    18. Rudloff E. (2011): EMS-induced mutants - a valuable genetic pool for the breeding of narrow-leafed sweet lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.) [Paper presentation]. In: Naganowska B., Kachlicki P., Wolko B. (eds.): Lupin crops - an opportunity for today, a promise for the future. Proceedings of the 13th International Lupin Conference, Poznań, 6-10 June 2011, 92-98.
    19. Schoofs A., Entz M.H. (2000): Influence of annual forages on weed dynamics in a cropping system. Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 80: 187-198. Go to original source...
    20. Stødkilde L., Damborg V.K., Jørgensen H., Lærke H.N., Jensen S.K. (2019): Digestibility of fractionated green biomass as protein source for monogastric animals. Animal, 13: 1817-1825. Go to original source...
    21. Straková E., Všetičková L., Suchý P., Kutlvašr M. (2024): Effect of dehulled lupin seeds in feed mixture on muscle protein quality of broiler chickens. Czech Journal of Animal Science, 69: 484-492. Go to original source...
    22. Straková E., Všetičková L., Suchý P., Kutlvašr M. (2025): Effect of dehulled lupin seeds in feed mixture on muscle protein quality of ducklings. Czech Journal of Animal Science, 70: 64-71. Go to original source...
    23. Tadele Y., Berhanu S. (2024): Agronomic performances, yield and nutritional values of lupin grain varieties at Gircha research centre, Gamo Highlands. Cogent Food and Agriculture, 10: 2374940. Go to original source...
    24. Tounsi-Hammami S., Le Roux Ch., Dhane-Fitouri S., De Lajudie P., Duponnois R., Faysal B. J. (2019): Genetic diversity of rhizobia associated with root nodules of white lupin (Lupinus albus L.) in Tunisian calcareous soils. Systematic and Applied Microbiology, 42: 448-456. Go to original source...
    25. Warner K., Hepworth G., Davidson R., Milton J. (1998): Value of mature braun legume crops for out-of-season prime lamb production. Proceedings of the Australian Society of Animal Production, 22: 217-220.
    26. Yenesew A., Abel A., Molla T., Shiferaw D., Yihenew G., Likawent Y., Agraw A., Dessalegn M. (2015): Best fit practice manual for sweet lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.) production. BDU-CASCAPE working paper 11.

    This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY NC 4.0), which permits non-comercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original publication is properly cited. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.


    Return to the content