Plant Soil Environ., 2025, 71(12):829-848 | DOI: 10.17221/180/2025-PSE

Effects of microplastics on farmland soils and plants: a reviewReview

Minhua Zhang1, Weiguan Li2, Qingkui Li3, Aneela Younas1, Muhammad Shaaban1, Yuyang Li1, Jing Liu1, Yanfang Wang1, Zhanqiang Ma1, Zhaoyong Shi1, Hongtao Shen4, Ling Liu1
1 College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, P.R. China
2 Henan Provincial Tobacco Corporation, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
3 China Tobacco Henan Import and Export Limited Company, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
4 Technology Centre, China Tobacco Henan Industrial Limited Company, Zhengzhou, P.R. China

Microplastics (MPs) are plastic particles smaller than 5 mm in size, which are widely present and have become one of the major pollutants in the natural environment, and are increasingly recognised as emerging pollutants in agricultural ecosystems. Due to their small size and high mobility, MPs can easily migrate into farmland soils and attach to plant surfaces, thereby altering the physical, chemical and microbial properties of the soil. These changes may affect seed germination, plant growth, and physiological and biochemical functions. This review systematically synthesises current research on the impact of MPs on agricultural soil, focusing on their effects on soil structure, chemical properties and microbial diversity. The positive and negative effects of MPs on plant seed germination, growth, and physiological and biochemical processes are critically analysed. Furthermore, the potential ecological risks of MPs to soil and plant health are discussed. Mitigation strategies and future research priorities are proposed to address MPs contamination in agricultural systems. This study aims to provide both theoretical insights and practical references to support the prevention and control of MPs pollution in farmland soils, thereby contributing to sustainable agricultural development and soil ecosystem resilience.

Keywords: plastic waste; agroecosystems; residue; toxicity; physiology and biochemistry

Received: April 25, 2025; Revised: November 19, 2025; Accepted: November 20, 2025; Prepublished online: December 9, 2025; Published: December 18, 2025  Show citation

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Zhang M, Li W, Li Q, Younas A, Shaaban M, Li Y, et al.. Effects of microplastics on farmland soils and plants: a review. Plant Soil Environ. 2025;71(12):829-848. doi: 10.17221/180/2025-PSE.
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