Wang Yingguo author Cao Tingting author Li Juan author Zhou Hang author Zhang Haiou author text journal article 2024 Standard roses are a widely used ornamental plant in urban landscapes, valued for their attractive flowers and adaptability to various environmental conditions. This study investigated how different substrate types affect the growth and development of standard roses and their potential to improve the ecology of urban landscapes. Nine substrate conditions (rotted corn stover, decomposed shiitake mushroom residue, perlite, and combinations) were compared with field soil as a control treatment. The physical and chemical characteristics of each substrate were analysed, and the growth and development of standard rose plants were observed over six months. The results indicated that the substrate T4 (70% rotted corn stover, 15% decomposed shiitake mushroom residue, 15% perlite) achieved the highest evaluation index, leading to superior plant growth compared to other substrates. This combination provided optimal water retention, aeration, and nutrient supply, making it the most effective substrate for cultivating standard roses. Additionally, the use of these substrates can improve soil quality and reduce environmental pollution, offering a sustainable option for urban landscape management. physicochemical properties; physiological index; principal component analysis; nutrient interactions; soilless culture 10.17221/258/2024-PSE https://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/artkey/pse-202412-0006.php https://pse.agriculturejournals.cz/artkey/pse-202412-0006.php continuing 70 12 799 808 2024 12141178 periodical academic journal