Plant, Soil and Environment, 2002 (vol. 48), issue 9
Impact of farming intensity reduction in the Šumava foothills region on changes in soil organic matter and surface water quality
L. Kolář, J. Gergel, M. Šindelářová, S. Kužel
Plant Soil Environ., 2002, 48(9):377-381 | DOI: 10.17221/4383-PSE 
Samples of soils and surface waters were analysed in the Šumava foothills region in nine watersheds with an area 78.5 km2 in 1986-1987 and in 2001. Lower intensity of fertilization and liming and other changes in Czech agriculture were found to result in a decrease in the content of cold and hot water soluble carbon (Cw and Chws) in the soil; the content of biologically decomposable matter expressed as BOD5 and BODt of water extract of soil also decreased. The values of rate constants k of BOD kinetics of soil suspension indicate that the most valuable fast decomposable organic matter in the soils...
The influence of grassing and harvest management on microbial parameters after arable land setting-aside
K. Voříšek, L. Růžek, M. Svobodová, J. Šantrůček, S. Strnadová, E. Popelářová
Plant Soil Environ., 2002, 48(9):382-388 | DOI: 10.17221/4384-PSE
During the years 1998-2000 soil chemical (Corg, Nt, pH), textural (sand, silt clay) and microbiological (microbial biomass carbon - CMB, microbial extracellular carbon - CEX, respiration, ammonification, nitrification) characteristics were tested on grassed chernozem [mollisol] after arable land setting-aside. Different harvest management was also tested: black and green fallow, one or two mulching per year, three cuts with plant biomass removal. For the evaluation of the influence of management and plants we have used three main criteria: (1) µg CMB/g dry soil, (2) ratio CMB/Corg (%), (3)...
Seasonal variability in soil N mineralization and nitrification as influenced by N fertilization
S. Malý, B. Šarapatka, M. Kršková
Plant Soil Environ., 2002, 48(9):389-396 | DOI: 10.17221/4385-PSE
Parameters characterizing N mineralization and nitrification were measured in soils of ten monitoring areas of the basal soil monitoring carried out by the Central Institute for Supervising and Testing in Agriculture. A remarkable seasonal cycle was found only for nitrate concentrations that reached their maxima in the spring (April-June), and late summer and/or autumn, starting in August. Ammonium ions were nitrified immediately after fertilizer application. Anaerobic N mineralization represented a variable parameter, which was not directly affected by mineral N fertilizers. Nitrification measured by means of one-week incubation was significantly...
Evaluation of the P-solubilizing activity of soil microorganisms and its sensitivity to soluble phosphate
O. Mikanová, J. Nováková
Plant Soil Environ., 2002, 48(9):397-400 | DOI: 10.17221/4386-PSE
Microbial solubilization of hardly soluble mineral phosphates in soil is an important process in natural ecosystems and in agricultural soils. Regulation of the P-solubilizing activity by the presence of soluble phosphates in medium was determined. For this reason we decided to test a number of soil bacteria showing a high P-solubilizing activity for its sensitivity to the presence of soluble dihydrogen potassium phosphate in medium. At these studies, the direct determination of the solubilized phosphate in medium was masked by the presence of relatively high concentrations of soluble phosphate added. Therefore, we have modified the method, determining...
The content of Pb, Zn and Cd in hydroameliorated soil and drainage water and their uptake by plants
I. Šimunić, F. Tomić, I. Kisić, M. Romić
Plant Soil Environ., 2002, 48(9):401-406 | DOI: 10.17221/4387-PSE
The goal of the investigations was to assess the average contents of heavy metals (Pb, Zn and Cd) in the surface soil layer (0-30 cm), in drainage water and their uptake by growing plants, in the experimental amelioration field for four different variants of drainpipe spacing (15, 20, 25 and 30 m) during the three-year period. Maize and winter wheat were grown in all variants throughout the trial period. In all variants of drainpipe spacing, heavy metals in soil, drainage water and plant material were within the limits. The highest average level of Pb was 13.5 mg/kg, Zn 88 mg/kg and Cd 0.7 mg/kg in soil. Drainage water concentration of heavy metals...
Using of pedotransfer functions for assessment of hydrolimits
V. Štekauerová, J. Skalová, J. Šútor
Plant Soil Environ., 2002, 48(9):407-412 | DOI: 10.17221/4388-PSE
Soil hydrologic coefficients, also called hydrolimits, are soil water contents defined for certain values of water potentials. Closer attention is paid to three hydrolimits: field capacity, point of decreased availability, and wilting point. The hydrolimits can be found by various ways. Their assessment under natural conditions should be seen as laboratory assessment of hydrolimit values or use of soil water retention curves for reading of hydrolimits. Therefore, some methods for indirect assessment of the water retention curve from actually mapped soil characteristics such as soil texture, bulk density and calcium content were devised. They are generally...
Productivity and chemical composition of wood tissues of short rotation willow coppice cultivated on arable land
S. Szczukowski, J. Tworkowski, A. Klasa, M. Stolarski
Plant Soil Environ., 2002, 48(9):413-417 | DOI: 10.17221/4389-PSE
In the period 1996-1999 field trial was performed in Obory near Kwidzyn on heavy textured Fluvisols. The experiment was aimed to determine yield, chemical composition, heat value of wood of six genotypes of willow coppice in relation to cutting frequency and on determining the costs and profitability of willow production on arable land for purposes of energy generation. Yield of wood dry matter in one-year cutting cycle amounted to 14.09 t/ha/year 1 and significantly increased to 16.05 and 21.55 t/ha/year when harvesting was performed in two and three years cycle, respectively. The highest yield was found for Salix viminalis 082 form cut in...
Effect of soil potassium on yield and quality of diverse sugar beet genotypes
M. Antunović, D. Rastija, M. Pospišil
Plant Soil Environ., 2002, 48(9):418-423 | DOI: 10.17221/4390-PSE
Aiming at determination differences in leaf and root potassium concentration of diverse sugar beet genotypes as well as its effect on sugar beet root quality and yield. Investigations comprising 15 sugar beet genotypes (five multigerm lines, five hybrids and five monogerm lines) were carried out on two soil types (Calcic luvisol: L-1 and L-3 and Calcic gleysol: L-2 and L-4) during two growing seasons. Root yield of the investigated genotypes on Calcic luvisol (50 t/ha) was higher, than on Calcic gleysol (34 t/ha). In general, multigerm lines were known for the highest leaf potassium concentration (2.75%), lowest root one (3.78 mmol/100 g root), highest...