Plant, Soil and Environment, 2003 (vol. 49), issue 1
Effect of accelerated ageing on the content and composition of polyphenolic complex of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grains
J. Lachman, J. Dudjak, M. Orsák, V. Pivec
Plant Soil Environ., 2003, 49(1):1-7 | DOI: 10.17221/4081-PSE 
The influence of accelerated ageing test (AAT), i.e. of higher temperature and humidity, on the content and composition of phenolic compounds in the grains of five cultivars of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was studied in the years 1998 and 1999. Total polyphenols were determined spectrophotometrically by Folin-Ciocalteau's phenolic reagent and free phenolic acids by an HPLC method in control samples and after deterioration treatment (AAT) in the Ebi, Estica, Nela, Samanta and Šárka cultivars. Statistical significance of deterioration treatment, cultivar, cultivation site, and harvest year was proved. Content of total polyphenols increased...
A method to determine mineralization kinetics of a decomposable part of soil organic matter in the soil
L. Kolář, F. Klimeš, R. Ledvina, S. Kužel
Plant Soil Environ., 2003, 49(1):8-11 | DOI: 10.17221/4082-PSE
A new method was proposed that complements the value of active carbon in the soil expressed as hot-water soluble carbon Chws. The method is based on vacuum measurements of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) of soil suspensions using an Oxi Top Control system manufactured by the WTW Merck Company that is destined for hydrochemical analyses of organically contaminated waters. Measurements will provide BOD values for particular days of incubation; total limit BODt can be determined from these values, and it is possible to calculate the rate constant k1 of mineralization of a decomposable part of soil organic matter. It is typical of soil...
Evaluation of size distribution of starch granules in selected wheat varieties by the Low Angle Laser Light Scattering method
I. Capouchová, J. Petr, D. Marešová
Plant Soil Environ., 2003, 49(1):12-17 | DOI: 10.17221/4083-PSE
The distribution of the size of wheat starch granules using the method LALLS (Low Angle Laser Light Scattering), followed by the evaluation of the effect of variety, experimental site and intensity of cultivation on the vol. % of the starch A (starch granules > 10 μm) was determined. The total starch content and crude protein content in dry matter of flour T530 in selected collection of five winter wheat varieties were determined. Vol. % of the starch A in evaluated collection of wheat varieties varied between 65.31 and 72.34%. The effect of a variety on the vol. % of starch A seemed to be more marked than the effect of site and intensity of...
Influence of different systems of grazing, type of swards and fertilizing on underground phytomass of pastures
S. Hejduk, F. Hrabě
Plant Soil Environ., 2003, 49(1):18-23 | DOI: 10.17221/4084-PSE
Problems concerning total dry weight and distribution of underground phytomass were studied in a pasture trial at Rapotin near Šumperk, the CzechRepublicin the period 1995-1999. The total weight of dry underground pasture phytomass (DUP) was 976 g/m2 (5-year average) in a soil layer of 0-200 mm (both live and dead roots). The DUP was significantly increased by mineral fertilizers (90 kg N/ha, 30 kg P/ha a 90 kg K/ha). The weight of DUP was not significantly influenced by a grazing system, renewal or resowing of the original grassland. In unfertilized plots, DUP weight amounted to 989 g/m2, i.e. 92 g/m2 (8.6%) less than...
Evaluation of the genetic variability in bamboo using RAPD markers
S. Nayak, G.R. Rout, P. Das
Plant Soil Environ., 2003, 49(1):24-28 | DOI: 10.17221/4085-PSE
Classical taxonomic studies of the bamboos are based on floral morphology and growth habit, which can cause problems in identification due to erratic flowering. Identification and genetic relationships in 12 species of bamboo were investigated using random amplified polymorphic DNAs (RAPD) technique. Analysis started by using thirty 10-mer primers that allowed us to distinguish 12 species and to select a reduced set of primers. The selected primers were used for identification and for establishing a profiling system to estimate genetic diversity. A total of one hundred thirty seven distinct polymorphic DNA fragments (bands), ranging from 0.4-3.3 kb...
The impact of maize stand density on herbicide efficiency
M. Lešnik
Plant Soil Environ., 2003, 49(1):29-35 | DOI: 10.17221/4086-PSE
The impact of maize stand density (4, 8 and 12 plants per m2) on herbicide efficiency (in %) and cob yield loss (in %) was studied in four field trials. The mixture of soil-applied herbicides (HS) isoxaflutole and S-metolachlor and the mixture of foliar-applied herbicides (HF) dicamba and rimsulfuron was applied in two dosages (100 and 75% of dose recommended by manufacturers). The 100% dose of HS was (75 g isoxaflutole + 960 ml S-metolachlor) per ha and 100% dose of HF was (12.5 g rimsulfuron + 240 ml dicamba) per ha. In all four trials, the studied factors (stand density, herbicide type and dose) had significant impact...
Dry matter and nitrogen accumulation and use in spring barley
N. Przulj, V. Momčilović
Plant Soil Environ., 2003, 49(1):36-47 | DOI: 10.17221/4087-PSE
During growth, kernel of cereals can be provided with carbohydrate and nitrogen (N) from the translocation of pre-anthesis accumulated reserves stored either in the vegetative plant parts or from current assimilation during kernel development. This study was conducted to assess the effects of nitrogen level and cultivars on dry matter and N accumulation and mobilization during pre-anthesis and post-anthesis. Twenty two-rowed spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivars were grown on a non-calcareous chernozem soil in four growing seasons (1995-1998) atNovi Sad (45°20'N, 15°51'E,86 m a.s.l.) at two nitrogen levels. Dry matter accumulation before...
International Pedological Conference Soils under Global Change - a Challenge for the 21st Century: From the Sphere of Science
K. Voplakal, J. Vopravil
Plant Soil Environ., 2003, 49(1):48 | DOI: 10.17221/4088-PSE