Plant, Soil and Environment, 2003 (vol. 49), issue 2
The impacts of various cultivation methods and permanent grassland use on the changes in Taraxacum officinale Web. cover rate
F. Klimeš, L. Kolář, M. Kobes, B. Voženílková
Plant Soil Environ., 2003, 49(2):49-54 | DOI: 10.17221/4089-PSE 
Between 1999 and 2002, the area at the foot of the ŠumavaMountainRange was used to study the possibilities of harmonizing the productive and non-productive performance offered by permanent grassland. This paper presents the possibilities of Taraxacum officinale control within the permanent grassland covers (of the Lolio-Cynosuretum association). In an effort to reduce the cover rate of this species, it seems appropriate to reduce its use frequency. In the vegetation covers mowed three times a year the Taraxacum officinale reduction may be facilitated with the 100 N + PK dose application.
The influence of the type of storage on pest infestation of stored grain in the Czech Republic
V. Stejskal, J. Hubert, Z. Kučerová, Z. Munzbergová, J. Lukáš, E. Žďárková
Plant Soil Environ., 2003, 49(2):55-62 | DOI: 10.17221/4090-PSE
Stored-product pests cause high economic losses by feeding on stored grain and endanger the public health by contamination of food by allergens. Therefore, the aim of this work was to explore whether the risk of infestation of stored grain by pests is different in various types of storage premises. We compared the level of infestation and the pest species composition in the two main types of grain stores in Central Europethat includes horizontal flat-stores (HFS) and vertical silo-stores (elevators) (VSS). A total of 147 grain stores located in Bohemia, CzechRepublicwas inspected. We found that both types of stores were infested with arthropods of...
Evaluation of sanitary status of grapevines in the Czech Republic
P. Komínek, V. Holleinová
Plant Soil Environ., 2003, 49(2):63-66 | DOI: 10.17221/4091-PSE
A survey was made to evaluate sanitary status of grapevines in the Czech Republic with regard to occurrence of economically important viruses. Propagation material of 109 grapevine clones was tested for presence of Grapevine fanleaf virus, Arabis mosaic virus, Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 1, Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3, Grapevine virus A, Grapevine virus B and Grapevine fleck virus. Dormant canes were collected and cortical scrappings were analyzed by DAS-ELISA. All seven viruses tested were found to be widely spread in Czech propagation material of grapevine. From 330 individual vines tested,...
Earliness, spike productivity and protein content in European winter wheat landraces and obsolete cultivars
L. Dotlačil, J. Hermuth, Z. Stehno
Plant Soil Environ., 2003, 49(2):67-74 | DOI: 10.17221/4092-PSE
European winter wheat landraces and obsolete cultivars (121 accessions in set I and 101 accessions in set II) with modern check cultivars were evaluated in three-year field trials. Increased spike productivity in modern cultivars could be attributed mainly to increased number of grains in spikelet and increased HI, whereas TGW has marginal effect. Old cultivars had on average by 2-3% higher crude protein content in grain than modern ones. Among selected 10 characters, relatively wide diversity (C.V. 11-20%) has been estimated in spike length and characters of spike productivity (except of grain weight with C.V. close to 9%). It was...
Influence of droplet spectra on the efficiency of contact and systemic herbicides
M. Prokop, K. Veverka
Plant Soil Environ., 2003, 49(2):75-80 | DOI: 10.17221/4093-PSE
The effect of droplet spectra on efficiency of contact and systemic herbicides was evaluated. As a model components were used: mixture of clethodim 240 g/l + surfactant (90% raps fluid, 10% polyetoxyl esters); bentazon 600 g/l and bentazon 480 g/l + Wettol LF 150 g/l. The effect of droplet spectra on Elytrigia repens (L.) Desv. was evaluated using systemic herbicide (clethodim 240 g/l + surfactant). No significant differences of the efficiency were observed between different droplet sizes at the treatments of mixture of clethodim + adjuvant between very different droplet size ranging from VMD = 193 µm to VMD = 929 µm. The effect...
Change in the community of epigeal spiders and harvestmen (Araneae, Opiliones) with the age of an apple orchard
S. Pekár
Plant Soil Environ., 2003, 49(2):81-88 | DOI: 10.17221/4094-PSE
Change in the community of epigeal spiders and harvestmen (Araneae, Opiliones) was studied in an experimental apple orchard for six consecutive years. Five plots were surveyed by pitfall traps. Four of the plots were young (1-4 years); one plot was older (15-20 years). The abundance of epigeal arachnids increased with the age on the young plots, while it was constant on the older plot. There were significantly more arachnids on the young plots than on the older one. In turn, the diversity was significantly lower on the young than on the older plots. Lycosidae, Phalangiidae and Tetra-gnathidae dominated the young plots. The older plots were richer in...
Germination and emergence of prickly lettuce (Lactuca serriola L.) and its susceptibility to selected herbicides
J. Mikulka, D. Chodová
Plant Soil Environ., 2003, 49(2):89-94 | DOI: 10.17221/4095-PSE
Three-year trials were conducted to study germination and emergence of prickly lettuce (Lactuca serriola L.) achenes, increments of shoot dry matter and susceptibility of the weed to selected herbicides. The germination rates of achenes at10°C (92%),20°C (97%) and30°C (95%) did not indicate any significant differences within 20 days from sowing. The highest percentage emergence of prickly lettuce achenes was determined after their sowing into a depth of1 mm. Differences from the variants of sowing onto the soil surface (0 mm), into a depth of 10 and20 mm were significant. There were no differences in the emergence rates from a depth of 10...