Plant, Soil and Environment, 2005 (vol. 51), issue 11
Red and purple coloured potatoes as a significant antioxidant source in human nutrition - a review
J. Lachman, K. Hamouz
Plant Soil Environ., 2005, 51(11):477-482 | DOI: 10.17221/3620-PSE 
Potatoes regarding their consumption are a significant antioxidant source in human nutrition. The main potato antioxidants are polyphenols, ascorbic acid, carotenoids, tocopherols, -lipoic acid, and selenium. The most contained polyphenolic antioxidants in potatoes are L-tyrosine, caffeic acid, scopolin, chlorogenic and cryptochlorogenic acid and ferulic acid. In red and purple potatoes are in addition contained acylated anthocyanins and pigmented potatoes display two to three times higher antioxidant potential in comparison with white-flesh potato. Red potato tubers contain glycosides of pelargonidin and peonidin, purple potatoes...
The use of molecular markers for characterisation of spring barley for breeding to Fusarium head blight resistance
M. Špunarová, J. Ovesná, L. Tvarůžek, L. Kučera, J. Špunar, I. Hollerová
Plant Soil Environ., 2005, 51(11):483-490 | DOI: 10.17221/3621-PSE
Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a barley disease, which occurs every year in various areas of barley cultivation all over the world and the increasing incidence has been confirmed in the Czech Republic also during the last years. We aimed to emply AFLP (Amplified fragment length polymorphism) and SSR (Single sequence repeats) markers to describe diversity among breeding lines with a sufficient level of resistance towards FHB and to find marker(s) associated with the analysed traits. The number of eight accessions including five expected resistance donors and three sensitive lines were tested in the field and laboratory. The field values and the amount...
Chloroplast ultrastructural development in vascular bundle sheath cells of two different maize (Zea mays L.) genotypes
A. Vičánková, J. Kutík
Plant Soil Environ., 2005, 51(11):491-495 | DOI: 10.17221/3622-PSE
The leaves of maize have two photosynthesizing tissues with two types of chloroplasts, mesophyll cells (MC) and vascular bundle sheaths cells (BSC). The development of chloroplasts in BSC was followed by transmission electron microscopy and point counting method in the middle part of the third leaf of maize plants. From young (Y) to mature (M) leaves, volume density of photosynthetic membrane system (thylakoids) increased, to senescing (S) leaves it did not significantly change. During the whole leaf ontogeny, small thylakoid appression regions (grana) were present in BSC chloroplasts, currently assumed to be agranal. From M to S leaves, volume density...
Benzothiazole derivatives substituted in position 2 as biologically active substances with plant growth regulation activity
E. Šimonová, M. Henselová, P. Zahradník
Plant Soil Environ., 2005, 51(11):496-505 | DOI: 10.17221/3623-PSE
Thirteen of the new synthetized 2-R substituted benzothiazole derivatives have been tested for plant growth regulatory (PGR) activity. The effect on growth elongation was studied on wheat coleoptile segments Triticum aestivum L. cv. Blava, and on the hypocotyl and roots in cucumber Cucumis sativum L. cv. Evita. The formation and number of adventitious roots and the length of hypocotyl in Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek and, the effect on the length of stem, fresh and dry mass in buckwheat Fagopyrum esculentum Moench. cv. Pyra were evaluated. Cytokinin activity was determined on segments of barley leaves Hordeum vulgare...
Phenolic compounds as chemical markers of low taxonomic levels in the family Poaceae
V. Míka, V. Kubáň, B. Klejdus, V. Odstrčilová, P. Nerušil
Plant Soil Environ., 2005, 51(11):506-512 | DOI: 10.17221/3624-PSE
The spectra of non-structural phenolics in herbage were used to study genetic affinity in polyploid complex of Dactylis L., next in complex of octoploid brome species, and in red fescue cultivar collection. The diploid (2n = 14) subspecies of Dactylis revealed distinct differences from the tetraploid (2n = 28) ones as a clearly specialized group. In the genus Bromus the affinity bounds of the species inside the section (e.g. Ceratochloa) were not very tight in comparison to those between the species from various sections. Also remarkable differences in affinity bonds among red fescue cultivars were...
Effect of cadmium on flavonoid content in young barley (Hordeum sativum L.) plants
J. Lachman, J. Dudjak, D. Miholová, D. Kolihová, V. Pivec
Plant Soil Environ., 2005, 51(11):513-516 | DOI: 10.17221/3625-PSE
The effect of an abiotic stress caused by cadmium on the total flavonoid content in roots, shoots and leaf blades of spring barley variety Kompakt grown in a climate-control room for 28 days was investigated. Total flavonoid content (F) was determined spectrophotometrically with sodium nitrite, Cd content by atomic absorption spectrometry. Treatment of barley plants with Cd (1.10-6 mol/l) in nutrition solution caused the decrease of F in the all parts of the plant. The relatively highest decrease was found in the roots (from 20.0 to 3.05 g/kg dry matter), lesser decrease in the shoots (from 24.2 to 9.33 g/kg dry matter) and the leaf blades...
The influence of herbicides and their mixtures on total proteins content and on proper proteins in potato tubers
K. Zarzecka, M. Gugała
Plant Soil Environ., 2005, 51(11):517-522 | DOI: 10.17221/3626-PSE
Field experiments were carried out at the Agricultural Experimental Nuisance Station of University of Podlasie in Siedlce in the years 1999-2001. The influence of herbicides and their mixtures on total proteins content and on proper proteins in eatable potato tubers were analysed. The weeding chemical agents (pesticides) used in the potato treatment increased the total protein content by 0.09-0.18% and proper proteins content by 0.15-0.34% in the tubers in contrast with the ones of the control object. The statistical analysis also revealed the importance of the cultivar and weather conditions during the experimental years.