Plant, Soil and Environment, 2011 (vol. 57), issue 10
Symbiotic and synergistic efficacy of endomycorrhizae with Dendrocalamus strictus L.
V. Parkash, S. Sharma, A. Aggarwal
Plant Soil Environ., 2011, 57(10):447-452 | DOI: 10.17221/249/2010-PSE 
The present investigation was undertaken to find out efficient strains of arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM fungi) alone or in combinations with Trichoderma viride for inoculation Dendrocalamus strictus L. seedlings. The inoculated seedlings showed good response having higher plant height, phosphorous ions content in root and shoot, AM spore number and root colonization than non-inoculated (control) seedlings in both single (alone) and co-inoculation (combined consortium) experiments. T. viride showed significant growth followed by Glomus mosseae, G. fasciculatum and mixed AM with single inoculation. In co-inoculation,...
Nodulation and nitrogen fixation in interspecies grafts of soybean and common bean is controlled by isoflavonoid signal molecules translocated from shoot
M.H. Abd-Alla
Plant Soil Environ., 2011, 57(10):453-458 | DOI: 10.17221/379/2010-PSE
Identification of common signals of nodulation control among legume species will facilitate progress in enhancing symbiotic nitrogen fixation of legumes in sustainable agriculture system. Grafting experiments between soybean and common bean were carried out to evaluate whether a common shoot signals control the expression of hypernodulation among the tow species. Grafting of a hypernodulating soybean mutant NOD1-3 shoots to three cultivars of normally nodulating common bean roots resulted in hypernodulation on roots of three tested cultivars of common bean. The shoot control of hypernodulation may be causally related to differential root isoflavonoid...
Mycorrhizal efficacy of trifoliate orange seedlings on alleviating temperature stress
Q.S. Wu
Plant Soil Environ., 2011, 57(10):459-464 | DOI: 10.17221/59/2011-PSE
Citrus plants often suffer from temperature stress, which seriously inhibits tree growth and even results in tree death. The present experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of Glomus mosseae on growth, root morphology, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities, and soluble protein content of trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata) seedlings at low (15°C), optimum (25°C) and high (35°C) temperatures. Sixty-eight days after temperature stresses, mycorrhizal colonization and number of both entry points and vesicles were significantly inhibited by low or high temperature. Mycorrhizal seedlings recorded significantly...
Arbuscular mycorrhiza enhances nutrient uptake in chickpea
M. Farzaneh, H. Vierheilig, A. Lössl, H.P. Kaul
Plant Soil Environ., 2011, 57(10):465-470 | DOI: 10.17221/133/2011-PSE
Arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF) colonize roots of host plants and promote plant growth due to improved uptake of nutrients. While the effects on P uptake are well known, the relevance of AMF for the uptake of other nutrients is less investigated. In the present paper we studied contents of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Cu, and Zn in the legume chickpea in pot experiments during two seasons. Beside the control, the following treatment combinations: (i) the inoculation with the commercial AMF product 'Symbivit®'; (ii) soil sterilization before inoculation, and (iii) mineral nitrogen application. A moderate level of AMF colonization (18-55%...
Soil-atmosphere greenhouse gases (CO2, CH4 and N2O) exchange in evergreen oak woodland in southern Portugal
A. Shvaleva, R. Lobo-do-Vale, C. Cruz, S. Castaldi, A.P. Rosa, M.M. Chaves, J.S. Pereira
Plant Soil Environ., 2011, 57(10):471-477 | DOI: 10.17221/223/2011-PSE
A 10-20% decrease in annual precipitation is predicted in the Mediterranean basin, and in particular to the Iberian Peninsula, with foreseen effects on the exchange of soil-atmosphere greenhouse gases (GHGs; CO2, CH4, and N2O). To simulate this scenario, we setup an experimental design in the particularly dry period of 2008-2009 using rainfall exclusion and irrigation, to obtain plots receiving 110% (538 mm), 100% (493 mm) and 74% (365 mm) of the natural precipitation. Soil CO2 fluxes showed a strong increase from summer to autumn as a consequence of increasing soil heterotrophic respiration that resulted...
Differences in anthocyanin content and antioxidant activity of potato tubers with different flesh colour
K. Hamouz, J. Lachman, K. Pazderů, J. Tomášek, K. Hejtmánková, V. Pivec
Plant Soil Environ., 2011, 57(10):478-485 | DOI: 10.17221/265/2011-PSE
The aim of this study was to determine that the total anthocyanin content (TAC) and antioxidant activity (AOA) in potato flesh with different colours grown in the Czech Republic. Four yellow- or white-, six purple- and four red-fleshed varieties were grown in 2009 at two different sites (Valečov - highland, seed potato area at 460 m a.s.l., Přerov nad Labem - lowland, new potatoes area at 178 m a.s.l.) in precise field trials. For purple- and red-fleshed varieties, average TAC values ranged from 61.5 to 573.5 cyanidin mg/kg of FM and significant effect of the variety of the TAC was found. High content reached the Violette and Vitelotte varieties with...
Effect of Phytophthora infestans on potato yield in dependence on variety characteristics and fungicide control
V. Sedláková, J. Dejmalová, E. Hausvater, P. Sedlák, P. Doležal, J. Mazáková
Plant Soil Environ., 2011, 57(10):486-491 | DOI: 10.17221/289/2011-PSE
The epidemiology of potato late blight (Phytophthora infestans) was observed over the three-years with 110 potato varieties from various maturity groups treated or not treated with fungicides. The determined severity values were transformed into AUDPC coefficients characterizing rate of disease spreading across the crop in connection with varietal characteristics, fungicide application and year effects. The analysis of the pathogen population for the distribution of races virulent to usually used resistance genes indicated non-efficiency of these genes; resistance could only be increased by breeding for polygenically determined horizontal...