Plant, Soil and Environment, 2014 (vol. 60), issue 12

Index of volume 60Index

editors

Plant Soil Environ., 2014, 60(12):I-VIII | DOI: 10.17221/7807-PSE  

The effect of nitrogen fertilization on flag leaf and ear photosynthesis and grain yield of spring wheatOriginal Paper

J. Olszewski, M. Makowska, A. Pszczółkowska, A. Okorski, T. Bieniaszewski

Plant Soil Environ., 2014, 60(12):531-536 | DOI: 10.17221/880/2013-PSE  

In a three-year field experiment the assessment of leaves and ears photosynthesis rate in spring wheat was made using a LI-COR 6400 portable photosynthesis system. The photosynthetic rate of spring wheat was affected by cultivars, nitrogen fertilization and weather conditions. We generally found a negative correlation between the yield of spring wheat and the rate of photosynthesis in flag leaves in phases 39-55 BBCH (the strength of this effect depended on the level of nitrogen fertilization). Strong negative correlation occurred for cv. Bryza in phases: 39-51 BBCH in treatment fertilized with lower dose of nitrogen and in phase 39-41 BBCH for dose...

Effects of long-term chemical fertilization on trends of rice yield and nutrient use efficiency under double rice cultivation in subtropical ChinaOriginal Paper

L. Bi, J. Xia, K. Liu, D. Li, X. Yu

Plant Soil Environ., 2014, 60(12):537-543 | DOI: 10.17221/315/2014-PSE  

A long-term (33 years) experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of chemical fertilization on rice yield, yield trends, soil properties, agronomic efficiency of applied nutrients and nutrient balance for the double rice cropping systems in subtropical China. The treatments were different combinations of N, P and K fertilizers (N, NP, NK and NPK), double dose of recommended NPK (2NPK) and no fertilizer control (control). Compared with no fertilizer control, all fertilization treatments had no significant effects on soil pH and SOC contents (P > 0.05), but generally increased nutrients content when corresponding elements were applied....

Effects of long-term fertilization and cropping regimes on total nitrogen and organic nitrogen forms in a Mollisol of Northeast ChinaOriginal Paper

J.J. Zhang, H. Li, H.J. Gao, P. Zhu, Q. Gao, L.C. Wang

Plant Soil Environ., 2014, 60(12):544-549 | DOI: 10.17221/447/2014-PSE  

A 22-year (1990-2012) field experiment was conducted to assess the effects of different fertilization and cropping regimes on the quantitative changes of total N and organic N forms in the topsoil (0-20 cm) and subsoil(20-40 cm) of a Mollisol in Northeast China. This study included nine fertilizer treatments on maize monoculture [no fertilizer (CK), N, NP, NK, PK, NPK, NPK combined with maize straw (NPKS), NPK combined with pig manure (NPKM), and 1.5' the rate of NPKM (1.5NPKM)] and one fertilizer treatment with maize-maize-soybean rotation (NPKMR). Compared with the CK treatment, the application of mineral fertilizers alone or in combination with...

Nitrogen use efficiency of maize and spring barley under potassium fertilization in long-term field experimentOriginal Paper

A. Rutkowska, D. Pikuła, W. Stępień

Plant Soil Environ., 2014, 60(12):550-554 | DOI: 10.17221/434/2014-PSE  

In the paper, the results of the long-term field experiment on soil depletion from potassium on yields and selected indices of nitrogen use efficiency of maize and spring barley were presented. The factors of the experiment were potassium fertilization (K plus and K minus treatment) and increasing nitrogen rates. Maize responded for soil exhausting from K in yield reduction over all the range of nitrogen rates applied in the experiment, and spring barley only through the highest rates. The greater values of nitrogen use efficiency indices were proven for barley as compared with maize. Potassium fertilization slightly increased agronomic efficiency...

Phosphate fertilizer value of heat treated sewage sludge ashOriginal Paper

M. Severin, J. Breuer, M. Rex, J. Stemann, Ch. Adam, H. Van den Weghe, M. Kücke

Plant Soil Environ., 2014, 60(12):555-561 | DOI: 10.17221/548/2014-PSE  

This study focuses on the question whether heat treated sewage sludge ashes are more favourable as fertilizers than untreated sewage sludge ashes (USSA) and whether their fertilization effects are comparable with commercial triple superphosphate (TSP). In a pot experiment, maize was fertilized either with one of three heat treated and Na-, Ca- and Si-compounds amended sewage sludge ashes (two glown phosphates, steel mill slag + sewage sludge ash) or USSA or TSP as control. Fertilization with USSA did not increase the biomass yield and the P uptake of maize in comparison to the P0 treatment (7.25 resp. 8.35 g dry matter/pot). Fertilization with heat...

Determination of the influence of herbicides on dicotyledons plant transpiration using the sap flow methodOriginal Paper

V. Brant, J. Pivec, K. Hamouzová, P. Zábranský, J. Satrapová, M. Škeříková

Plant Soil Environ., 2014, 60(12):562-568 | DOI: 10.17221/655/2014-PSE  

Physiological parameters are sensitive and provide information on the toxicity of herbicides in plants. The impact of herbicide application on plant transpiration was evaluated by the sap flow method during 2009-2011. The aim of this work was to verify the sap flow method for determining the effect of herbicides on the basis of continuous measurements of the transpiration flow. Helianthus annuus was used as a model plant species. The two different herbicides tested in this study differed by the effect of active ingredients bromoxynil and clopyralid. The water flow was measured using sap flow meter T4.2. The impact of herbicides was assessed...

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi colonisation of Cry3 toxin-producing Bt maize and near isogenic maizeOriginal Paper

A. Seres, I. Kiss, P. Nagy, P. Sály, B. Darvas, G. Bakonyi

Plant Soil Environ., 2014, 60(12):569-573 | DOI: 10.17221/674/2014-PSE  

Despite the fact that, on average, approximately 5-6 metric tons/ha of Bt maize stubble enter the soil on more than 170 million of hectares worldwide, the environmental impact of genetically modified maize plants on the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) is poorly known. In this study, the mycorrhizal colonisation on the roots of Bt maize (DAS-59122-7) and its near isogenic line was examined during the whole vegetation period. Cry3 toxin-producing Bt maize and its near isogenic line were grown in an experimental field in Julianna-major, Nagykovácsi, Hungary. DAS-59122-7 maize produces Cry34Ab1, Cry35Ab1...

Efficacy of the herbicide GF-2581 (penoxsulam + florasulam) against broadleaf weeds in olivesOriginal Paper

I.S. Travlos, M. Lysandrou, V. Apostolidis

Plant Soil Environ., 2014, 60(12):574-579 | DOI: 10.17221/710/2014-PSE  

Effective weed control in perennial crops is a challenge due to the limited availability of registered herbicides and herbicide resistance. The objective of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of the herbicide GF-2581 (penoxsulam + florasulam) on broadleaf weeds in comparison with other commonly used herbicides. Field trials were conducted in olives, in Etoloakarnania (Agrinio region) for two years (2012 and 2013). Efficacy assessments were made at 30, 60, 90 and 120 days after treatment. The GF-2581 formulation provided excellent control of a broad spectrum of broadleaf weed species. The long-term control of Sonchus oleraceous, Conyza...