Plant, Soil and Environment, 2014 (vol. 60), issue 5
Assessment of limit values of risk elements and persistent organic pollutants in soil for Czech legislationOriginal Paper
R. Vácha, M. Sáňka, I. Hauptman, M. Zimová, J. Čechmánková
Plant Soil Environ., 2014, 60(5):191-197 | DOI: 10.17221/909/2013-PSE 
The proposal of hierarchical limit system of risk elements (RE) and persistent organic pollutants (POPs) for agricultural soils is presented. The system is not proposed for forest soils (limits are still missing in the Czech Republic). Two levels of limit values were proposed. The first one is the prevention limit statistically derived from the background values of RE and POPs in Czech agricultural soils. The second one is indication limit derived from the risk of plant growth inhibition (RE phytotoxicity effects where the results of experimental trials were utilised), the risk of food chain contamination (RE transfer from the soil into the plants...
Soil micronutrient availability to crops affected by long-term inorganic and organic fertilizer applicationsOriginal Paper
B. Rutkowska, W. Szulc, T. Sosulski, W. Stępień
Plant Soil Environ., 2014, 60(5):198-203 | DOI: 10.17221/914/2013-PSE
The effects of mineral and organic fertilization on the contents of Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, B and Mo in soil and in the soil solution as well as on availability of these elements for crops were investigated in the long-term field trial. The highest contents of Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu in soil and soil solution were observed in the treatment with the lowest pH (NPK). In this same combination the content of B and Mo was the lowest. The concentration of Zn, B and Fe in the soil solution significantly increased under farmyard manure application. Liming significantly decreased contents extractable by 1 mol/L HCl forms of Mn and Zn and significantly increase the content...
Occurrence of antagonistic fungi in the soil after cover crops cultivationOriginal Paper
E. Patkowska, M. Konopiński
Plant Soil Environ., 2014, 60(5):204-209 | DOI: 10.17221/67/2014-PSE
The purpose of the studies was to determine the species composition of fungi and their antagonistic effect towards soil-borne plant pathogens after the cultivation of oats, spring vetch and tansy phacelia as intercrop cover plants. The total population of fungi in the soil after the cultivation of oats was twice as low as after the cultivation of tansy phacelia. A little smaller fungi population was obtained as a result of mulching the soil with spring vetch in comparison to that after the cultivation of tansy phacelia. The proportion of Fusarium spp., Alternaria alternata, Pythium irregulare and Thanatephorus cucumeris...
Application of chlorophyll fluorescence performance indices to assess the wheat photosynthetic functions influenced by nitrogen deficiencyOriginal Paper
M. Živčák, K. Olšovská, P. Slamka, J. Galambošová, V. Rataj, H.B. Shao, M. Brestič
Plant Soil Environ., 2014, 60(5):210-215 | DOI: 10.17221/73/2014-PSE
Nitrogen deficiency influences importantly the plant photosynthetic capacity and crop productivity. Here, we employed the rapid, non-invasive measurements of chlorophyll a fluorescence kinetics for calculation of the integrative fluorescence parameters related to the leaf photosynthetic performance. In pot experiments with winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) we cultivated plants during the whole growing period in the soil substrate supplied with four different doses of nitrogen. The leaf nitrogen and chlorophyll content as well as the plant dry mass were analyzed after chlorophyll fluorescence records in three growth stages. Our results...
Effects of different nitrogen forms on the nutritional quality and physiological characteristics of Chinese chive seedlingsOriginal Paper
Y.D. Sun, W.R. Luo, H.C. Liu
Plant Soil Environ., 2014, 60(5):216-220 | DOI: 10.17221/126/2014-PSE
Nitrogen plays a vital role in the growth, development and nutritional quality of Chinese chive, which is an important leafy vegetable. The effects of improved Hoagland nutrient solutions on the nutritional quality and physiological characteristics of three Chinese chive cultivars (Saisong, Pingjiu No. 4 and Pingjiu No. 8) were investigated by modulating the ratio of nitrite nitrogen (NO3--N) to ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N). Improved Hoagland nutrient solutions with NO3--N to NH4+-N ratios of 50:50 and 75:25 could effectively promote the accumulation of soluble protein,...
Yield and grain quality of spring barley as affected by biomass formation at early growth stagesOriginal Paper
J. Křen, K. Klem, I. Svobodová, P. Míša, L. Neudert
Plant Soil Environ., 2014, 60(5):221-227 | DOI: 10.17221/91/2014-PSE
Timely and reliable prediction of grain yield and quality of spring barley represents a key prerequisite for effective crop management. Within this study we evaluated the relationships between yield components, grain quality, biomass production and the number of tillers in different growth stages. For this purpose, in three years (2011-2013) multifactorial field trials focused on the combined effects of cultivar, sowing density and nitrogen nutrition were conducted. Based on ANOVA it was found that the formation of grain yield was affected by individual factors in the following order of importance: year, nitrogen, cultivar and sowing rate. The final...
The yield and quality of broccoli grown under flat covers with soil mulchingOriginal Paper
E. Kosterna
Plant Soil Environ., 2014, 60(5):228-233 | DOI: 10.17221/168/2014-PSE
The experiment was carried out between 2010 and 2012. Effect of plants covering and the kind of organic mulch applied to soil mulching on the yield and selected component of nutritive value in Milady F1 broccoli cultivated for early harvest was investigated. The application of polypropylene fibre contributed to a significant increase in the marketable yield of broccoli on average by 5.25 t/ha, weight of head by 0.10 kg and length of arc by 1.44 cm. Increase of the content of chemical components as a result of plants covering amounted to 1.76% for dry matter, 2.50 mg/100 g fresh matter (FM) for ascorbic acid, 0.65% FM for total sugar and...
Rootstock genotype determines phenol content in apple fruitsOriginal Paper
D. Kviklys, M. Liaudanskas, V. Janulis, P. Viškelis, M. Rubinskiené, J. Lanauskas, N. Uselis
Plant Soil Environ., 2014, 60(5):234-240 | DOI: 10.17221/71/2014-PSE
The effect of weather conditions and eleven apple rootstocks was studied on the phenol content in fruits. Super-dwarf rootstocks P 61 and P 22 determined the highest content of all phenolic compounds tested. Dwarf rootstocks M.9, P 62 and semi-dwarf M.26 determined lower content of all phenolic compounds tested. The content of (+)-catechin, procyanidin B1 and total procyanidins content in apple fruits depended on rootstock genotype and high variation coefficient of these compounds between rootstocks was established. Rootstocks had a lesser effect on the content of quercitrin, (-)-epicatechin, total catechins, phloridzin and chlorogenic acid. No clear...