Plant, Soil and Environment, 2016 (vol. 62), issue 10
The effect of soil tillage and herbicide treatments on the incidence of Fusarium fungi genus in the grain of ryeOriginal Paper
H. Go³êbiowska, E. Pl±skowska, R. Weber, R. Kieloch
Plant Soil Environ., 2016, 62(10):435-440 | DOI: 10.17221/647/2015-PSE 
The reduced tillage in cereals contributes to intensive weed growth and thus encourages better conditions for the development of Fusarium fungi. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of different tillage systems and herbicide applications, on the grain infestation by Fusarium spp., in two rye cultivars. The cultivar factor significantly affected the infestation of the grain by F. avenaceum and F. culmorum. Cv. Dañkowskie Z³ote was more susceptible to the infection by Fusarium spp. than cv. Picasso. The reduced tillage encouraged higher grain infestation than the conventional one, irrespectively...
High-methionine soybean has no adverse effect on functional diversity of rhizosphere microorganismsOriginal Paper
J.G. Liang, L.T. Xin, F. Meng, S. Sun, C.X. Wu, H.Y. Wu, M.R. Zhang, H.F. Zhang, X.B. Zheng, Z.G. Zhang
Plant Soil Environ., 2016, 62(10):441-446 | DOI: 10.17221/241/2016-PSE
A transgenic high-methionine soybean ZD91 and its non-transgenic parental soybean ZD were investigated to evaluate the potential negative impact of transgene on the microbial community in soil. The Biolog-ECO plate method was used to evaluate the functional diversity and activity of rhizosphere microbial communities at four growth stages of the soybean each year from 2012 to 2013. Results indicated that there was no difference between ZD and ZD91 in the functional diversity of microbial communities in rhizosphere soil. Besides, plant growth stage had stronger effect than cultivar. It was concluded that transgenic soybean ZD91 did not alter the functional...
Effects of adjuvants and carriers on propoxycarbazone and pyroxsulam efficacy on Bromus sterilis in winter wheatOriginal Paper
M. Jursík, M. Koláøová, J. Soukup, V. ®ïárková
Plant Soil Environ., 2016, 62(10):447-452 | DOI: 10.17221/273/2016-PSE
Bromus species are annual winter weeds from the Poaceae family which have become troublesome weeds of winter cereals. The herbicides propoxycarbazone and pyroxsulam are widely used for control of B. sterilis. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of different types of adjuvants and carriers on the efficacy of pyroxsulam and propoxycarbazone on B. sterilis. Small plot field trials were carried out in North Bohemia, Central Europe during 2011-2013. The tested carriers and adjuvants affected the efficacy of both herbicides and the seed production of B. sterilis. Urea ammonium nitrate was a less effective...
Effects of Sb16 bacterial strain and herbicides on endophytic bacterial populations and growth of aerobic riceOriginal Paper
A. Nahi, R. Othman, D. Omar
Plant Soil Environ., 2016, 62(10):453-459 | DOI: 10.17221/289/2016-PSE
Pot experiment was conducted under glasshouse conditions to investigate the effects of the inoculation of N2 fixing Stenotrophomonas maltophilia strain Sb16 and application of three herbicides (paraquat, pretilachlor and 2,4-D) at 0, 1/2X, X and 2X their recommended field application rates (X) on endophytic bacterial populations and physio-morphological parameters of aerobic rice. The physio-morphological traits such as plant height, leaf area, chlorophyll content, nitrogen (N) content, root dry mass, root length, root volume and root average diameter were assessed at 60th day after the treatment. Data on endophytic bacterial...
Effect of calcium on reducing salt stress in seed germination and early growth stage of Festuca ovina L.Original Paper
F. Salahshoor, F. Kazemi
Plant Soil Environ., 2016, 62(10):460-466 | DOI: 10.17221/319/2016-PSE
Festuca ovina L. is an important ornamental species used in urban landscapes and pastures reclamation. However, low resistance of this species to salt stress has hindered its extended application in low-water and salty regions. To study the effects of calcium on reducing salt stress injuries in seed germination and early growth of this species, a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design with three replications was conducted. The salt levels included NaCl solutions (5, 10, 15 and 20 dS/m). Calcium source was CaCl2 with concentrations of 0, 10, 20 and 30 mmol+/L. Germination percentage and mean germination...
Emissions of ammonia following glyphosate application on Urochloa decumbensOriginal Paper
V. Damin, P.C.O. Trivelin, J.A. Bonassi, A.C. Vitti
Plant Soil Environ., 2016, 62(10):467-473 | DOI: 10.17221/353/2016-PSE
This work was carried out with the objective of evaluating the ammonium (NH4+) levels and emissions of ammonia (NH3) after glyphosate application on signal grass (Urochloa decumbens). Two experiments were carried out and the following treatments were used: (1) Control - mechanic harvest with no herbicide application on signal grass; (2) Glyphosate - signal grass desiccation with the herbicide glyphosate. Ammonium (NH4+); total nitrogen (Ntot) levels in plant's tissues (experiment 1) and ammonia (NH3) emission by the plants or the soil (experiment 2) were evaluated...
Carotenoids in potatoes - a short overviewOriginal Paper
J. Lachman, K. Hamouz, M. Orsák, Z. Kotíková
Plant Soil Environ., 2016, 62(10):474-481 | DOI: 10.17221/459/2016-PSE
Carotenoids are one of major lipophilic constituents contributing to total antioxidant activity and provitamin content of potato, a major non-cereal staple food. The review briefly discusses health promoting properties of carotenoids and especially their contents and composition in different potato cultivars affected by flesh colour (white-, yellow-, purple- and red-fleshed) and the effect of selected factors on carotenoid total and individual levels, such as genotype, breeding, tuber development, heat processing - cooking, storage, effect of year, locality, etc. The aim of the recent research is obtaining potatoes with higher levels of beneficial...