Plant, Soil and Environment, 2016 (vol. 62), issue 4
The interdependence between the leaf area index value and soil-protecting effectiveness of selected plantsOriginal Paper
K. Klima, B. Wi¶niowska-Kielian, A. Lepiarczyk
Plant Soil Environ., 2016, 62(4):151-156 | DOI: 10.17221/639/2015-PSE 
The study presents results of the one-factor field experiment carried out in years 2005-2011 located on a slope with an inclination of 9%, in the mountain region (southern Poland, 545 m a.s.l.). Soil-protection effectiveness of potato, spring barley and meadow was studied on the basis of vegetation cover forming during whole plant vegetation period, expressed as LAI (leaf area index). The mass of surface runoff from the plots was measured after precipitation and snowmelts causing surface wash-out. The plots were arranged in a randomized block design, in four repetitions. Surface wash-outs were caught in the Słupik's catchers. The soil-protection effectiveness...
Comparison of selenite (IV) and selenate (VI) effect on some oxidoreductive enzymes in soil contaminated with spent engine oilOriginal Paper
M. Stręk, A. Telesiński
Plant Soil Environ., 2016, 62(4):157-163 | DOI: 10.17221/740/2015-PSE
This paper assesses the impact of spent engine oil on activity of dehydrogenase, nitrate reductase, catalase and o-diphenol oxidase in sandy soil, and evaluates biostimulation with selenates in the restoration of homeostasis of soil with spent engine oil. The experiment was carried out on loamy sand samples with organic carbon content of 8.71 g/kg, with the following variable factors: dose of spent engine oil: 0, 2, 10, 50 g/kg dry matter (DM) of soil; selenate application: without selenate, selenite (IV) and selenate (VI) in the amount of 0.05 mmol/kg DM of soil; day of experiment: 1, 7, 14, 28, 56, 112. Obtained results showed that spent...
Silicon mitigates oxidative stress and has positive effects in Eucalyptus platyphylla under aluminium toxicityOriginal Paper
M.D.R. Lima, U.O. Barros Jr., M.A.M. Barbosa, F.R. Segura, F.F. Silva, B.L. Batista, A.K.S. Lobato
Plant Soil Environ., 2016, 62(4):164-170 | DOI: 10.17221/85/2016-PSE
The tolerance to metal toxicity, such as aluminium, can be induced by the formation of Al-Si complexes. Therefore, the aim of this research is to determine the contribution of Si on nutrient concentrations, compounds linked to oxidative stress, photosynthetic pigments and gas exchange and to determine if Si can improve the tolerance mechanism of young Eucalyptus platyphylla plants exposed to Al toxicity. The experimental setup was completely randomized with four treatments (0, 1.6 mmol/L Al, 2.0 mmol/L Si and 1.6 mmol/L Al + 2.0 mmol/L Si; being described as the control, Al toxicity, Si and Al toxicity + Si, respectively). The treatment with...
Use of terraces to mitigate the impacts of overland flow and erosion on a catchmentOriginal Paper
P. Kovář, H. Bačinová, J. Loula, D. Fedorova
Plant Soil Environ., 2016, 62(4):171-177 | DOI: 10.17221/786/2015-PSE
The paper presents the impact of a historical system of terraces constructed centuries ago to mitigate the effect of a steep slope on overland flow. Systems of this type were constructed in past centuries by land owners, who then ploughed the land and grew crops on it. They used stones collected from the local agricultural fields as their terracing material. The influence of terraces on overland flow was simulated using the KINFIL. The overland flow is therefore reduced by greater infiltration of extreme rainfall excess flows on the terraces, and the KINFIL model shows to what extent the system of terraces can mitigate the resultant flood and soil...
Estimation of nitrogen content based on fluorescence spectrum and principal component analysis in paddy riceOriginal Paper
J. Yang, W. Gong, S. Shi, L. Du, J. Sun, S.-L. Song
Plant Soil Environ., 2016, 62(4):178-183 | DOI: 10.17221/802/2015-PSE
Paddy rice is one of the most important cereal crops in China. Nitrogen (N) is closely related to crops production by influencing the photosynthetic efficiency of paddy rice. In this study, laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) technology with the help of principal component analysis (PCA) and back-propagation neural network (BPNN) is proposed to monitor leaf N content (LNC) of paddy rice. The PCA is utilized to extract the characteristic variables of LIF spectra by analysing the major attributes. The results showed that the first three principal components (PCs) can explain 95.76% and 93.53% of the total variance contained in the fluorescence spectra for...
Using of hydrogen cyanide against Ditylenchus dipsaci nematode present on garlicOriginal Paper
M. Zouhar, O. Douda, M. Dlouhý, J. Liąková, M. Maňasová, V. Stejskal
Plant Soil Environ., 2016, 62(4):184-188 | DOI: 10.17221/28/2016-PSE
The stem and bulb nematode (Ditylenchus dipsaci) is a serious quarantine pest of vegetables spreading worldwide via seed and planting material. Currently, a hot water technique is used as the pre-seed treatment, which is difficult to execute and the risk of seed damage is high. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the (a) penetration of gaseous hydrogen cyanide (HCN) into garlic tissue; (b) HCN phytotoxicity, and (c) nematicide potential of HCN against D. dipsaci. Penetration of HCN into the core of the garlic clove was approximately 30% of the concentration inside the fumigation chamber after 30 h of exposure. Decreased...
Effect of osmotic stress on growth and osmolytes accumulation in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) plantsOriginal Paper
G.-Q. Wu, R.-J. Feng, Q.-Z. Shui
Plant Soil Environ., 2016, 62(4):189-194 | DOI: 10.17221/101/2016-PSE
To investigate the effects of osmotic stress on plant growth, and ions and compatible solutes accumulations of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.), in the present study, two-month-old plants were subjected to different degrees of osmotic stress (-0.5, -1.0, and -1.5 MPa) induced by sorbitol for 7 days. The results showed that fresh weight and water content in both leaf blade and leaf petiole significantly decreased by osmotic stress. With the increase of osmotic stress, Na+ concentration in leaf blade showed the significantly increasing trend. However, osmotic stress significantly reduced K+ concentration in lateral root. It...