Plant, Soil and Environment, 2021 (vol. 67), issue 6

Dynamics of root exuded carbon and its relationships with root traits of rapeseed and wheatOriginal Paper

Lanlan Tang, Ming Zhan, Chunhui Shang, Jiayi Yuan, Yibing Wan, Mingguang Qin

Plant Soil Environ., 2021, 67(6):317-323 | DOI: 10.17221/561/2020-PSE  

Quantifying carbon in root exudates and exploring their influencing factors are essential to understand soil organic carbon dynamics in cropland. A pot experiment was carried out to explore quantitative relations between root exuded carbon and root traits in wheat and rapeseed. The result showed that rapeseed had a similar pattern in root carbon exudation intensity (EI) as the wheat, but its EI per plant was obviously higher than that in wheat. Rapeseed plants had higher EI per root biomass than wheat plants in the early growth period but lower in the late growth period. EI per root biomass in both crops had significant exponential relationships with...

Influence of zero-valent iron and rice husk on As and Cd uptake in riceOriginal Paper

Xiaodong Guo, Fang Wang, Hailian Hu, Liwen Xu, Qianlan Jiang, Jing Ding, Bo Xu, Yunyun Li, Yanhui Chen, Guo Wang

Plant Soil Environ., 2021, 67(6):324-330 | DOI: 10.17221/143/2021-PSE  

Zero-valent iron (ZVI) and rice husk (RH) have potential as adsorbents for heavy metals; however, their effects on iron plaque formation and heavy metal uptake by plants are still unclear. In this study, the impacts of ZVI, RH and their combinations on iron plaque formation on the root surface and the uptake of As and Cd by rice plants were investigated. A pot experiment was performed under waterlogged conditions using As(III)- or Cd(II)-spiked soil. The results showed that ZVI (0.05% or 0.2%) with or without RH significantly increased iron plaque formation...

Identification of the optimal codons for acetolactate synthase from weeds: an in-silico studyOriginal Paper

Madhab Kumar Sen, Kateřina Hamouzová, Sunil Kanti Mondal, Josef Soukup

Plant Soil Environ., 2021, 67(6):331-336 | DOI: 10.17221/562/2020-PSE  

Although various studies of codon usage bias have been reported in a broad spectrum of organisms, no studies to date have examined codon usage bias for herbicide target genes. In this study, we analysed codon usage patterns for the acetolactate synthase (ALS) gene in eight monocot weeds and one model monocot. The base composition at the third codon position follows C3 > G3 > T3 > A3. The values of the effective number of codons (ENC or Nc) indicate low bias, and ENC or Nc vs. GC3 plot suggests that this low bias is due to mutational pressure. Low codon adaptation index and codon bias index values further supported the phenomenon of...

Different biological strategies for the bioremediation of naturally polluted soilsOriginal Paper

Amin Hossein Naeim, Jila Baharlouei, Mitra Ataabadi

Plant Soil Environ., 2021, 67(6):337-342 | DOI: 10.17221/582/2020-PSE  

Finding an appropriate method with the highest rate of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) removal from naturally polluted soils is an important research issue. A pot factorial experiment (using contaminated soil samples from the Isfahan Refinery, Iran) was conducted in a 90-day period to compare the following bioremediation strategies: (1) natural attenuation (NA): the inherent ability of soil for bioremediation; (2) bioaugmentation (BA): inoculating soil with PAH degrading microbes Marinobacter hydrocarbonoclasticus; (3) biostimulation (BS): using N, P and K nutrients for the stimulation of bioremediating soil bacteria to achieve the C:N:P...

Findings of herbicide and fungicide residues in bee breadOriginal Paper

Aneta Bokšová, Jan Kazda, Martina Stejskalová, Tomáš Šubrt, Leoš Uttl, Petr Mráz, Jan Bartoška

Plant Soil Environ., 2021, 67(6):343-352 | DOI: 10.17221/135/2021-PSE  

The honey bee is one of the insects that is significantly endangered by the application of pesticides in the cultivation of crops. Not only is acute toxicity dangerous, but the importance of chronic poisoning by low doses of pesticides in hives is growing. The behavior of bees can be affected not only by insecticide residues but also by herbicide and fungicide residues. In 2016-2018, samples of bee bread were analysed for pesticide content at 25 different localities from intensive agricultural production areas of the Czech Republic. Substances were extracted by QuEChERS and determined by liquid chromatography, together with mass spectrometric detection....

Dynamics of herbicides degradation in carrot (Daucus carota L.) roots and leavesOriginal Paper

Jaroslav Šuk, Kateřina Hamouzová, Jana Hajšlová, Miroslav Jursík

Plant Soil Environ., 2021, 67(6):353-359 | DOI: 10.17221/46/2021-PSE  

This research had two main aims. First, to analyse the degradation dynamics of herbicides commonly used in carrot (aclonifen, clomazone, flufenacet, linuron, metribuzin, pendimethalin, S-metolachlor). Second, to compare the amount of herbicide residues with the maximum residue level and with requirements of non-residual production. The field experiments were conducted in 2012-2016. All tested herbicides resulted in relatively low concentrations of residues in carrot roots (up to 10 µg/kg) when the recommended withdrawal period was followed between application and harvest. The concentration of S-metolachlor in carrot roots exceeded the maximal...

Effect of soybean cultivars sowing dates on seed yield and its correlation with yield parametersOriginal Paper

Magdalena Borowska, Janusz Prusiński

Plant Soil Environ., 2021, 67(6):360-366 | DOI: 10.17221/73/2021-PSE  

The article presents the effect of three sowing dates on the growth, development and yielding of four soybean cultivars of different earliness and under different temperature and precipitation conditions across the years. The seed yield from early sowing significantly correlated with the total precipitation in June and July, and at later dates, also with the total precipitation in August. The significantly highest soybean yields were collected from the sowing at a turn of April and May, and the highest seed and protein yield, as well as protein content in seed, were recorded for the mid-early Merlin cultivar. Neither the number and the seed weight...
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