Plant, Soil and Environment, 2002 (vol. 48), issue 1
Effect of increasing doses of nitrogen and sulphur on chemical composition of plants, yields and seed quality in winter rape
L. Hřivna, R. Richter, T. Lošák, J. Hlušek
Plant Soil Environ., 2002, 48(1):1-6 | DOI: 10.17221/4197-PSE 
In 1999, the effect of increasing levels of nitrogen at the initial (13.9 mg.kg-1) and increased (40 mg.kg-1) level of watersoluble sulphur (Swat) was studied in winter rape (cv. Lirajet) grown in pots. A synergetic effect of nitrogen on concentrations of Ca and Mg was demonstrated in the growth stages DC 20-29 and 31-39. Levels of P and K were balanced. In variants with a low content of Swat in soil to 40 mg.kg-1 of soil S concentration increased. With the increasing dose of N the content of S decreased from 1.00% to 0.78% and from 0.68% to 0.38% in DC 20-29 and DC 31-39, respectively. An increased...
Analysis of the chalcone synthase from Humulus lupulus L. and biotechnology aspects of medicinal hops
J. Matoušek, P. Novák, J. Patzak, J. Bříza, K. Krofta
Plant Soil Environ., 2002, 48(1):7-14 | DOI: 10.17221/4200-PSE
The complete sequence hop gene, which corresponds to true chalcone synthase (EC 2.3.1.74), was amplified using a combination of PCR, RT PCR and inverse PCR methods and cloned from Czech Osvald's clone 72. The gene designated chs_H1 was found to be specifically expressed on glandular trichomes, whereas negligible level of specific mRNA was found in leaves. Thus, chs_H1 may co-determine biosynthesis of prenylated chalcones, compounds valuable as anticancer and antiproliferative components of lupulin. It was shown by the comparative analyses and by the structure modelling that the true hop chalcone synthase differs from previously described...
Variation in HMW glutenin subunits of different species of wheat
Z. Gálová, I. Michalík, H. Knoblochová, E. Gregová
Plant Soil Environ., 2002, 48(1):15-19 | DOI: 10.17221/4199-PSE
Method ISTA SDS-PAGE was used for separation, detection and evaluation of high molecular weight glutenin subunits (HMW) in the different wheat species. The relation has been studied between the HMW glutenin subunit alleles and the bread-making quality of 25 world wheat cultivars and 21 regional varieties common wheat varieties (Triticum aestivum L.), 17 winter spelt wheat (Triticum spelta L.), 3 durum wheat cultivars (Triticum durum DESF.), 9 cultivars of Triticum turgidum L. and 5 cultivars of Triticum polonicum L. The highest frequency of occurrence of HMW glutenin subunits 2*, 13 + 16 and 5 + 10 were...
Effects of disk tillage on soil condition, crop yield and weed infestation
M. Birkás, T. Szalai, C. Gyuricza, M. Gecse, K. Bordás
Plant Soil Environ., 2002, 48(1):20-26 | DOI: 10.17221/4201-PSE
This research was instigated by the fact that during the last decade annually repeated shallow disk tillage on the same field became frequent practice in Hungary. In order to study the changes of soil condition associated with disk tillage and to assess it is consequences, long-term tillage field experiments with different levels of nutrients were set up in 1991 (A) and in 1994 (B) on Chromic Luvisol at Gödöllö. The effects of disk tillage (D) and disk tillage combined with loosening (LD) on soil condition, on yield of maize and winter wheat, and on weed infestation were examined. The evaluation of soil condition measured by cone index and bulk density...
Effect of different straw management practices on yields of continuous spring barely
B. Procházková, J. Málek, J. Dovrtěl
Plant Soil Environ., 2002, 48(1):27-32 | DOI: 10.17221/4204-PSE
Field experiments were conducted in the maize-growing region on heavy gleic fluvisol from 1974 to 2000. Three variants of straw management (straw harvested, incorporated into soil and burned), two variants of soil tillage (conventional plough tillage to 0.22 m, shallow disc tillage to 0.12-0.15 m) and three variants of fertilization (30, 60 and 90 kg N.ha-1) were studied. After conventional tillage, the highest yield was obtained in the variant with burned straw (5.50 t.ha-1), followed by the variant with straw incorporated into soil (5.40 t.ha-1) and the lowest after harvested straw (5.01 t.ha-1). At shallow...
The effect of fertilization with brown coal on Haplic Luvisol humic acids
B. Dębska, A. Maciejewska, J. Kwiatkowska
Plant Soil Environ., 2002, 48(1):33-39 | DOI: 10.17221/4203-PSE
The influence of fertilization with brown coal (used as preparation called Rekulter) on properties of humic acids extracted from haplic luvisol was studied. Characteristics of humic acids were identified by their elemental composition, thermal decomposition, and infrared and UV-VIS spectra. It was found that humic acids formed during decomposition process of Rekulter in soil were characterised by a higher content of carbon (38.6% versus 35.4%), a lower content of nitrogen (1.50% versus 2.73%) and a higher resistance to thermal decomposition, when compared with humic acids extracted from soils without Rekulter application. Due to special properties...
Changes of humic acids structure on selected key monitoring localities of arable soils
G. Barančíková
Plant Soil Environ., 2002, 48(1):40-44 | DOI: 10.17221/4202-PSE
Soil fertility is largely determined by the content and quality of soil organic matter. SlovakRepublic monitoring system includes evaluation of soil humus content, basic humic parameters and also chemical structure of humic acids (HA). Changes in humic acids structure on five selected key localities during monitoring period (1994-2000) are presented in this study. Among soil types, essentially between Chernozem and Planosol, in elemental analysis, optical parameter and 13C NMR parameters significant differences determined by Student's test were observed (Tables 2 and 3). During monitoring period small oxidation trend mainly on Calcaric Fluvisol and...