Plant, Soil and Environment, 2004 (vol. 50), issue 8
Field and numerical study of chlorotoluron transport in the soil profile
R. Kodešová, J. Kozák, O. Vacek
Plant Soil Environ., 2004, 50(8):333-338 | DOI: 10.17221/4040-PSE 
The transport of chlorotoluron in the soil profile under field conditions was studied. The herbicide Syncuran was applied on a four square meter plot using an application rate of 2.5 kg/ha active ingredient. Soil samples were taken after 119 days to study the residual chlorotoluron distribution in the soil profile. HYDRUS-1D (Šimůnek et al. 1998) was used to simulate water movement and herbicide transport in the soil profile. Soil hydraulic properties and their variability were studied previously by Kutílek et al. (1989). The solute transport parameters, like the adsorption isotherm and the degradation rate, were determined in the laboratory. The Freundlich...
Heavy metal distribution between fractions of humic substances in heavily polluted soils
L. Borůvka, O. Drábek
Plant Soil Environ., 2004, 50(8):339-345 | DOI: 10.17221/4041-PSE
Soil organic matter is important in controlling heavy metal behaviour in soils. This study aims to determine the distribution of organically bound Cd, Pb, and Zn between humic and fulvic acids in 20 samples of heavily polluted Fluvisols. Traditional procedure of alkaline sodium hydroxide/pyrophosphate extraction of humic substances with consequent humic acids precipitation by acidification was used. All of the three metals were bound predominantly on fulvic acids (mean share was 98.4, 82.0, and 95.7% of total organically bound Cd, Pb, and Zn content, respectively). Mainly the level of pollution controlled the amount of metals bound on fulvic acids....
Distribution of aluminium among its mobilizable forms in soils of the Jizera Mountains region
L. Mládková, L. Borůvka, O. Drábek
Plant Soil Environ., 2004, 50(8):346-351 | DOI: 10.17221/4042-PSE
Labile Al forms can be dangerous in acid soils due to their potential toxicity to plants. This paper deals with the distribution of exchangeable, weakly organically bound, and total organically bound Al forms in soils on 98 sites of the Jizera Mountains region. For the extraction of these Al forms, 0.5M KCl (AlKCl), 0.3M CuCl2 (AlCuCl2), and 0.05M Na4P2O7 (AlNa4P2O7) solutions were used, respectively. Aluminium concentrations in all extracts were determined by means of ICP-OES. Following mean concentrations of Al forms were found in the O and B horizons (mg/kg): AlKCl...
Processing of conventional soil survey data using geostatistical methods
V. Penížek, L. Borůvka
Plant Soil Environ., 2004, 50(8):352-357 | DOI: 10.17221/4043-PSE
The aim of this study is to find a suitable treatment of conventional soil survey data for geostatistical exploitation. Different aims and methods of a conventional soil survey and the geostatistics can cause some problems. The spatial variability of clay content and pH for an area of 543 km2 was described by variograms. First the original untreated data were used. Then the original data were treated to overcome the problems that arise from different aims of conventional soil survey and geostatistical approaches. Variograms calculated from the original data, both for clay content and pH, showed a big portion of nugget variability caused...
Effect of kaolinite and Ca-montmorillonite on the alleviation of soil water repellency
P. Dlapa, S.H. Doerr, Ľ. Lichner, M. Šír, M. Tesař
Plant Soil Environ., 2004, 50(8):358-363 | DOI: 10.17221/4044-PSE
The effects of adding 1-3% (weight) kaolinite or Ca-montmorillonite on the wettability of silica sand, made highly water repellent with stearic acid, was studied during wetting and prolonged drying phases at 50°C. The persistence of water repellency was estimated with the water drop penetration time (WDPT) test. After wetting water repellency disappeared in all the samples. During the drying phase, water repellency re-appeared in all samples (untreated and clay-treated) as the water content decreased below 1%. Repellency did, however, not reach pre-wetting levels. The effect of clay additions on water repellency differed strongly between the two clay...
Successional dynamics of Cynosurus pasture after abandonment in Podkrkonoší
M. Stránská
Plant Soil Environ., 2004, 50(8):364-370 | DOI: 10.17221/4045-PSE
Between 1996-2002, successional dynamics on an abandoned pasture in Přední Ždírnice (lat. 50°32'N, long. 15°40'E) was examined. A 7-year study was performed on the abandoned mesotrophic pasture classified as Cynosurion Tüxen 1947 at the start of the study. Two permanent plots (100 m2) were established and sampled three times a year; changes in plant species composition (species cover) and plant species diversity (species number) were studied. Species assemblages of the Cynosurus pasture were described, E1 (herb layer) and E2 (shrub layer) covers were calculated and a secondary succession in the plant community was evaluated....
Influence of weed infestation on morphological parameters of maize (Zea mays L.)
P. Fuksa, J. Hakl, D. Kocourková, M. Veselá
Plant Soil Environ., 2004, 50(8):371-378 | DOI: 10.17221/4046-PSE
The influence of various ways of regulation in weed infestation of silage maize stands was studied in 1999-2001. Four variants of stands were compared: 1. without weed eradication (check), 2. mechanically weeded throughout the whole vegetation period, 3. mechanically weeded from the beginning of vegetation till the phase of 5th leaf and later on without protection, 4. chemical weeding. The yield of dry mass and morphological characters (height of plants, stem diameter, number of ears per plant etc.) show the substantial negative effect of weed infestation upon the studied parameters. The yield from the check variant reached 8.09 t/ha, from...
Comparison of two methods for aggregate stability measurement - a review
M. Rohošková, M. Valla
Plant Soil Environ., 2004, 50(8):379-382 | DOI: 10.17221/4047-PSE
Soil structure is a very important soil property, which influences many processes in the soil. There are many methods for aggregate stability measurement varying in the energy applied in the treatment. The aim of this paper is to compare two aggregate stability measurement methods on a set of reclaimed dumpsite soils. Method proposed by Le Bissonnias (1996) is composed of three tests, which allow distinguishing the particular aggregate breakdown mechanisms. Results can be expressed by a coefficient of vulnerability (Kv). Results of the second method, assessment of water stable aggregates, can be expressed by WSA index. WSA indexes mainly correspond...