Plant, Soil and Environment, 2008 (vol. 54), issue 7
Direct and subsequent effect of compost and poultry manure on the bioavailability of cadmium and copper and their uptake by oat biomass
A. Hanč, P. Tlustoš, J. Száková, J. Habart, K. Gondek
Plant Soil Environ., 2008, 54(7):271-278 | DOI: 10.17221/424-PSE 
Direct and subsequent influence of added organic materials on changes of cadmium and copper bioavailability in soil and their accumulation in aboveground oat (Avena sativa L.) biomass was studied in a three-year experiment. Mineral NPK, poultry manure and two types of composts were used as fertilizers. The average portion of available cadmium and copper from their total content in soil in all treatments was 0.94% and 0.25%, respectively. After application of poultry manure the concentration of available Cd increased during experimental years, contrary to Cu. The Cd uptake increased proportionally with available Cd content in soil almost in all...
Possibilities of some methods for risk assessment of arsenic load in soils
R. Vácha, H. Macurová, J. Skála, M. Havelková, J. Čechmánková, V. Horváthová
Plant Soil Environ., 2008, 54(7):279-287 | DOI: 10.17221/419-PSE
The paper deals with the possibilities of arsenic analysis in the soil. The aim is the selection and verification of the methods for analysis of As in the soil, which seem to be suitable for risk evaluation based on the increased As soil load. Economical and analytical availability of the methods is an important criterion. A sample set of 6 heavily contaminated soils was used to compare application potential of prevalent as well as less common procedures for determination of arsenic forms in soils. The results showed that substitution of analytically more demanding As total content analysis and sequential analysis for simple extraction using one-off...
Effect of salicylic acid on biochemical changes in wheat plants under khat leaves residue
A.M.A. Al-Hakimi
Plant Soil Environ., 2008, 54(7):288-293 | DOI: 10.17221/418-PSE
Residues of khat (Catha edulis Forskal) leaves in the soil showed an inhibitory effect on the dry mass, pectin and cellulose of wheat shoots and roots and cell wall-associated proteins of roots. The dry mass of shoots and roots significantly reduced and the reduction in roots was greater than in shoots. On the other hand, the contents of hemicellulose and lignin in both shoots and roots and cell wall-associated proteins of shoots were stimulated by the amount of khat leaves added to the soil. Soaking wheat caryopses in salicylic acid (SA) counteracted partially or completely the adverse effect of khat leaves residues on pectin and cellulose...
Nickel toxicity induced antioxidant enzyme and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activities in Jatropha curcas L. cotyledons
R. Yan, S. Gao, W. Yang, M. Cao, S. Wang, F. Chen
Plant Soil Environ., 2008, 54(7):294-300 | DOI: 10.17221/423-PSE
Jatropha curcas L. embryos were germinated and grown in vitro under nickel concentrations of 100, 200, 400 and 800 μmol to observe the effects of high nickel concentrations on seedling growth. Observed biological makers included biomass, and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) in the cotyledons. The fresh weight of cotyledons in all the tested nickel concentrations was lower than that of the control, but dry weight of cotyledons increased with increasing nickel concentrations up to 200 μmol. SOD activity increased significantly up to 400 μmol and then...
Allelopathic properties of knotweed rhizome extracts
N. Vrchotová, B. Šerá
Plant Soil Environ., 2008, 54(7):301-303 | DOI: 10.17221/420-PSE
Our objective was to determine which rhizome extract from Japanese knotweed, Giant knotweed or Bohemian knotweed has the most significant inhibition effect on the germinated seeds. The seeds of white mustard were incubated with the extracts for two days under laboratory conditions. We monitored differences in number of germinated seeds, length of radicles, hypocotyls and root/shoot ratio between the control and experimental seeds. Inhibitory effect of extracts from dried knotweed rhizomes was confirmed, but without differences among tested plants. A higher allelopathic effect was revealed in the case of extract from aboveground parts.
The effect of post-anthesis water supply on grain nitrogen concentration and grain nitrogen Šeld of winter wheat
J. Haberle, P. Svoboda, I. Raimanová
Plant Soil Environ., 2008, 54(7):304-312 | DOI: 10.17221/422-PSE
The effect of water supply during grain growth on grain nitrogen concentration (GNC) and grain nitrogen yield (GNY) of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was studied in the field experiment on fertile loamy-clay soil in years 2004-2007. The water regime was differentiated using mobile rain shelter (water shortage, treatment S) and drip irrigation (ample water supply, treatment W); rain-fed crop served as the control treatment (R). Wheat was grown without addition of nitrogen and with 200 kg N/ha (N0 and N1, resp.). The effect of water supply on GNC was highly significant (P < 0.001) in fertilized wheat and not significant in N0. Drought...
Radiation use efficiency and yield of winter wheat under deficit irrigation in North Chin
H. Han, Z. Li, T. Ning, X. Zhang, Y. Shan, M. Bai
Plant Soil Environ., 2008, 54(7):313-319 | DOI: 10.17221/421-PSE
Water stress is a frequent and critical limit to wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production in North China. It has been shown that photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) is closely related to crop production. An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of deficit irrigation and winter wheat varieties on the PAR capture ration, PAR utilization and grain yield. Field experiments involved Jimai 20 (J; high yield variety) and Lainong 0153 (L; dryland variety) with non-irrigation and irrigated at jointing stage. The results showed that whether irrigated at jointing stage or not, there was no significant difference between J and L with respect...