Plant, Soil and Environment, 2011 (vol. 57), issue 1
Determination of dissolved reactive and dissolved total phosphorus in water extract of soils
J. Matula
Plant Soil Environ., 2011, 57(1):1-6 | DOI: 10.17221/185/2010-PSE 
The simplified acid peroxydisulphate digestion of soil water extract was evaluated for determination of total dissolved phosphorus by molybdenum-blue colorimetry in comparison with direct P-detection in water extract by the ICP-AES technique. The research was conducted on 79 agricultural soils with different agrochemical characteristics. The results of the colorimetric P detection in water extract without digestion and ICP phosphorus detection were different. The median of values determined by ICP-AES was 1.7 times higher than that of colorimetry, but the correlations between the two measurements were quite close (r = 0.993). Differences between...
Impact of tryptophan and glutamine on the tissue culture of upland rice
E. Shahsavari
Plant Soil Environ., 2011, 57(1):7-10 | DOI: 10.17221/116/2010-PSE
In order to evaluate the effect of tryptophan and glutamine on the tissue culture of upland rice cultivars, serial experiments were conducted using four cultivars: Kusan, Lamsan, Selasi and Siam. Mature seeds from these cultivars were subjected to 4 levels of tryptophan and glutamine on the MSB5 (MS macro elements, B5 micro elements and B5 vitamins) medium. Callus induction results showed a positive effect of tryptophan on all cultivars except Selasi. The optimal tryptophan concentration for callus induction in cultivars Kusan and Siam was 100 µmol, while in Lamsan the optimum was 200 µmol. With the exception of the Lamsan cultivar, incorporation...
Impact of atmospheric ammonia on growth, C and N accumulation and photosynthesis of two maize cultivars with different N root supply
L.X. Zhang, H. Qiang, S.Q. Li, X.L. Chen
Plant Soil Environ., 2011, 57(1):11-18 | DOI: 10.17221/6/2010-PSE
Impact of enriched atmospheric NH3 in combination with low and high N medium on growth, total C and N accumulation (CtotA and NtotA) and photosynthetic characteristics of two maize cultivars i.e. SD19 (cult. 1) and NE5 (cult. 2) with low N and N high use efficiency, respectively, was investigated. Plants were exposed to 10 nl/L and 1000 nl/L NH3 fumigation, respectively, for 30 days in open-top chambers (OTCs). Under exposure to the low N medium, increase of the atmospheric NH3 concentration to 1000 nl/L from the ambient level significantly (P < 0.05) increased dry matter (DM) (by 18%...
Effect of magnesium or zinc supplementation at the background of nitrogen rate on nitrogen management by maize canopy cultivated in monoculture
J. Potarzycki
Plant Soil Environ., 2011, 57(1):19-25 | DOI: 10.17221/77/2010-PSE
In five consecutive growth seasons from 2003 to 2007 a response of maize variety Eurostar (var. FAO 240) to supply of NPK fertilizer supplemented with magnesium or zinc was investigated. The aim of the study was to evaluate the role of zinc (NPK + Zn) or magnesium (NPK + Mg) in controlling nitrogen management by maize crop fertilized with 80 and 140 kg N/ha. In the course of the study, total grain nitrogen content did not show any response to both experimental factors and weather variability, as well. However, the obtained results indicate, that magnesium and zinc have significantly increased SPAD (chlorophyll index) indices of maize cob leaf at anthesis....
The effect of salinity stress on ions and soluble sugars distribution in leaves, leaf sheaths and roots of rice (Oryza sativa L.) seedlings
I. Nemati, F. Moradi, S. Gholizadeh, M.A. Esmaeili, M.R. Bihamta
Plant Soil Environ., 2011, 57(1):26-33 | DOI: 10.17221/71/2010-PSE
In order to investigate the solutes accumulation associated with salt tolerance of rice (Oryza sativa L.), two rice genotypes including IR651 (salt-tolerant) and IR29 (salt-sensitive) were grown hydroponically in the Youshida nutrient solution. Salinity treatment was imposed 3 weeks after sowing using NaCl in two levels 0 and 100 mmol. Samples were separately collected from the youngest (sixth) leaves, leaf sheaths and roots at 72 and 240 h after salinization; then Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, P, Mn2+, Cl- and total soluble sugars concentration and Na+/K+ ratio were determined....
Oxidative stress and change in plant metabolism of maize (Zea mays L.) growing in contaminated soil with elemental sulfur and toxic effect of zinc
Y. Cui, N. Zhao
Plant Soil Environ., 2011, 57(1):34-39 | DOI: 10.17221/193/2010-PSE
Responses of the chlorophyll, antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation in maize growing in soil with zinc (Zn) and elemental sulfur (S) were studied. The results showed that sulfur alleviated the high toxicity of Zn and increased the concentration of chlorophyll. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) increased significantly and catalase (CAT) activity significantly decreased in plants treated with 1000 mg/kg Zn alone. Compared with the control, SOD and POD activity increased from 62.3 to 77.3 U/mg protein and 28 to41 nmol/min/mg protein, respectively. However, CAT activity decreased from 1.96 to 1.48 µmol H2O2/min/mg...
Cumulative effects of 20-year exclusion of livestock grazing on above- and belowground biomass of typical steppe communities in arid areas of the Loess Plateau, China
J. Cheng, G.L. Wu, L.P. Zhao, Y. Li, W. Li, J.M. Cheng
Plant Soil Environ., 2011, 57(1):40-44 | DOI: 10.17221/153/2010-PSE
Overgrazing affects typical steppe community in ways similar to grasslands in other areas. Exclusion of livestock grazing is one of the main management practices used to protect grasslands. However, it is not known if long-term exclusion of livestock grazing has positive effect on above- and belowground community properties in typical steppe of the Loess Plateau. We studied the long-term (20-year) cumulative effects of exclusion of livestock grazing on above- and belowground community properties compared with that before exclusion of livestock grazing in a typical steppe of the Loess Plateau, NW China. Our results show that twenty-year exclusion of...