Plant, Soil and Environment, 2015 (vol. 61), issue 4
Winter wheat yields in a long-term tillage experiment under Pannonian climate conditionsOriginal Paper
R.W. Neugschwandtner, H.-P. Kaul, P. Liebhard, H. Wagentristl
Plant Soil Environ., 2015, 61(4):145-150 | DOI: 10.17221/820/2014-PSE 
Long-term field experiments are important for assessing the yield response of crops to different tillage systems and pre-crops. An experiment was established in 1996 in Raasdorf (Austria) on a chernozem with four tillage treatments (mouldboard ploughing (MP), no-till (NT), deep conservation tillage and shallow conservation tillage) and two crop rotations. Winter wheat yields were generally at similar levels with all four tillage systems in most years between 1998 and 2012. Yields increased with higher amounts of rainfall during the vegetation period (from October until June) with the smallest increase among tillage treatments in NT. This indicates...
Soil condition threats in two seasons of extreme weather conditionsOriginal Paper
C. Gyuricza, V. Smutný, A. Percze, B. Pósa, M. Birkás
Plant Soil Environ., 2015, 61(4):151-157 | DOI: 10.17221/855/2014-PSE
This research started from the observation that soil state defects that occur in a season may result in even more serious after-effects in the following year. The objective of this study was to investigate the striking forms of deterioration in a Chernozem soil that occurred both in the surface and in the deeper layer. In one respect, dust formation, crumb reduction, surface silting, and surface crusting were studied, and an attempt to investigate additional consequences of the dust sedimentation to the nearest compacted layer was made. The degree of the soil deterioration was compared under treatments of bare and covered surfaces and in degraded and...
Variability in macroelement content in the aboveground part of Helianthus tuberosus L. at different nitrogen fertilization levelsOriginal Paper
B. Sawicka, D. Kalembasa, D. Skiba
Plant Soil Environ., 2015, 61(4):158-163 | DOI: 10.17221/956/2014-PSE
The contents of nitrogen (N), potassium, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium and sodium were estimated in tubers of Jerusalem artichoke Helianthus tuberosus coming from the field experiment conducted over 2010-2012. The experimental factors were the cultivars of Jerusalem artichoke cvs. Albik and Rubik and different nitrogen fertilization levels, against phosphorus and potassium fertilization and the full dose of manure. Determination of elements in the soil and the dry weight of the aerial parts are performed by standard methods. When using a fixed level of phosphorous-potassium fertilizer, the highest sodium content was obtained at a level of...
Effect of sulphur and micronutrients fertilization on yield and fat content in winter rape seeds (Brassica napus L.)Original Paper
U. Sienkiewicz-Cholewa, R. Kieloch
Plant Soil Environ., 2015, 61(4):164-170 | DOI: 10.17221/24/2015-PSE
Three-year strict experiments with winter rapeseed were conducted in three experimental stations. In the research, winter rape fertilization with elemental sulphur (S) in the doses: 20, 40 and 60 kg S/ha, boron (B) - in the dose of 2 kg B/ha and copper (Cu) - 5 kg Cu/ha were applied. Microelements were introduced separately, in treatments B and Cu, as well as in combination B + Cu. The experimental soils featured low content of sulphate sulphur SO42--S and boron, medium and low copper content. Rapeseed fertilization with sulphur, boron and copper resulted in their increased concentration in plants. Sulphur at 40 and 60 kg S/ha...
Zinc enrichment in wheat genotypes under various methods of zinc applicationOriginal Paper
B. Mathpal, P.C. Srivastava, D. Shankhdhar, S.C. Shankhdhar
Plant Soil Environ., 2015, 61(4):171-175 | DOI: 10.17221/41/2015-PSE
Around half of the cereal growing soil in the world are zinc (Zn)-deficient and it severally affects the health of plants, animals and humans. In order to investigate the enrichment of Zn in cereals a pot experiment was conducted in two contrasting wheat genotypes viz., UP2628 (Zn efficient) and UP262 (Zn inefficient) under different methods of Zn application such as control (0 Zn), soil application (5 mg Zn/kg soil tagged with 3.7 MBq of 65Zn/pot), foliar spray of 0.5% ZnSO4 at 30, 60 and 90 days (tagged with 925 KBq of 65Zn/pot), soil application (5 mg Zn/kg soil tagged with 3.7 MBq of 65Zn/pot) + foliar...
Effects of straw covering methods on runoff and soil erosion in summer maize field on the Loess Plateau of ChinaOriginal Paper
X. Wang, H. Wang, M. Hao, J. Li
Plant Soil Environ., 2015, 61(4):176-181 | DOI: 10.17221/4/2015-PSE
The objective of this paper is to clarify the impacts of straw covering method on runoff and soil erosion in summer maize field on the Loess Plateau of China. A field experiment was conducted (2012-2014) in the artificial raining hall of the State Key Laboratory, with three soils and five straw covering methods. Three soils were Heilu soil (Calcisols), Huangmian soil (Fluvisols) and Lou soil (Anthrosols). Five straw covering methods were CK - no straw mulching and no stubble standing on the surface of the plot; T30 - 30 cm of winter wheat (WW) stubble standing above ground; M30 - 30 cm of WW stubble was harvest and mulched on the surface of the plot;...
Application of fluorescence spectrum to precisely inverse paddy rice nitrogen contentOriginal Paper
J. Yang, S. Shi, W. Gong, L. Du, Y.Y. Ma, B. Zhu, S.L. Song
Plant Soil Environ., 2015, 61(4):182-188 | DOI: 10.17221/7/2015-PSE
Paddy rice is important for Chinese agriculture and crop production, which largely depends on the leaf nitrogen (N) levels. The purpose of this study is to discuss the relationship between the fluorescence parameters and leaf N content of paddy rice and to test their performance in inversing N content of crops through back-propagation (B-P) neural network. In the correlative analysis of the fluorescence parameters and the N content, we found that the correlation between fluorescence ratios (F740/F685 and F685/F525 (F740, F685, F525 - intensity of fluorescence at 740, 685 and 525 nm, respectively)) and the N content (R2 are 0.735...