Plant, Soil and Environment, 2016 (vol. 62), issue 2
Gas exchange and Triticum sp. with different ploidy in relation to irradianceOriginal Paper
V. Hejnák, H. Hniličková, F. Hnilička, J. Andr
Plant Soil Environ., 2016, 62(2):47-52 | DOI: 10.17221/591/2015-PSE 
Different species of Triticum were grown during a greenhouse experiment, including T. monococcum L., T. dicoccum Schrank, T. durum Desf., T. spelta L. and T. aestivum cv. Vánek. The goal was to establish the influence of irradiance on the parameters of photosynthetic performance in relation to their ploidy. Photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration (E) and stomatal conductance (gs) were measured at irradiance ranging from 217-1305 µmol/m2/s. In all monitored species, saturation irradiance for photosynthesis at the level of 609 µmol/m2/s was reached....
Effect of different water supply on accumulation of high molecular weight glutenin subunits and glutenin macropolymers in near-isogenic wheat linesOriginal Paper
Z.M. Dai, T.S. Xu, X.G. Li, H. Zhang, Y. Li, X.L. Zhang
Plant Soil Environ., 2016, 62(2):53-59 | DOI: 10.17221/728/2015-PSE
Accumulations of high molecular weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS) and glutenin macropolymer (GMP) in wheat grains are important indicators of grain quality. Two near-isogenic wheat lines, Line 11 (HMW-GS null, 7 + 9, 5 + 10) and Line 12 (HMW-GS null, 17 + 18, 5 + 10), were used to evaluate the impacts of different water supply on HMW-GS and GMP accumulation, and the GMP particle distributions in the grains. Three irrigation levels were implemented in a field and a pot experiment, respectively. Results indicated that drought is beneficial for grain desiccation in the two wheat lines at late filling stage. Compared to mild and excess watering, the total...
Allelopathic effects and weed suppressive ability of cover cropsOriginal Paper
Ch. Kunz, D.J. Sturm, D. Varnholt, F. Walker, R. Gerhards
Plant Soil Environ., 2016, 62(2):60-66 | DOI: 10.17221/612/2015-PSE
Field and laboratory experiments were conducted to investigate the weed suppressing effects of cover crops in single and mixed cultivation. Weed densities in the field experiments ranged from 0 to 267 plants/m2 with Chenopodium album L., Matricaria chamomilla L., Stellaria media (L.) Vill. as predominant weeds. It was found that mustard (Sinapis alba L.), fodder radish (Raphanus sativus var. niger J. Kern) and spring vetch (Vicia sativa L.) supressed weeds by 60% and cover crop mixtures controlled weeds by 66% during the fallow period at three experimental locations...
The response of population and hybrid wheat to selected agro-environmental factorsOriginal Paper
J. Buczek, W. Jarecki, D. Bobrecka-Jamro
Plant Soil Environ., 2016, 62(2):67-73 | DOI: 10.17221/615/2015-PSE
The field experiment was conducted in the years 2011-2014 at three localities (Przecław, Dukla, Lubliniec) of south-east Poland with changing environmental conditions. Population cultivars (Batuta and Bogatka) and hybrid cultivars (Hybred and Hymack) of winter wheat and cultivation technologies (extensive, low-input, medium-input, high-input) were studied. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of cultivation technology levels and environmental conditions on the grain yield and protein composition in the grain of population and hybrid wheat cultivars. Higher grain yield, the contents of protein, gluten and fraction of gliadins and high molecular...
Study on some soil quality changes obtained from long-term experimentsOriginal Paper
I. Stehlíková, M. Madaras, J. Lipavský, T. Šimon
Plant Soil Environ., 2016, 62(2):74-79 | DOI: 10.17221/633/2015-PSE
Agricultural practice often causes soil structure degradation and as a result it leads to changes in soil fertility and quality. The aim of this study was to compare soil aggregate stability (SAS) and soil organic matter (OM) quantity and quality in different systems of soil management. Three adjoining long-term experiments established on Chernozem were chosen; they were all set up in different years with different crop rotations and comparable fertilization treatments: control (without fertilization); NPK; manure; NPK + manure; N + manure; OM and NPK + OM. SAS was statistically significantly lower in the trial with the highest proportion of cereals...
Cotton seedling plants adapted to cadmium stress by enhanced activities of protective enzymesOriginal Paper
L.T. Liu, H.C. Sun, J. Chen, Y.J. Zhang, X.D. Wang, D.X. Li, C.D. Li
Plant Soil Environ., 2016, 62(2):80-85 | DOI: 10.17221/706/2015-PSE
Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is a global major crop with strong tolerance to abiotic stress, but its tolerance to cadmium (Cd) stress is unclear. The objective of this study was to determine the influence of Cd stress on the seedling growth and some physiological properties of cotton. Cotton seedlings with three fully expended leaves were treated with Cd at different concentrations (0, 25, 50 and 100 μmol/L), and seedling growth, chlorophyll (Chl) content, malonaldehyde (MDA) content, photosynthetic rate, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) activity in the main-stem leaves were measured 5 days or 10 days after stress treatment....
Effect of cultivar, flesh colour, locality and year on carotenoid content in potato tubersOriginal Paper
K. Hamouz, K. Pazderů, J. Lachman, J. Čepl, Z. Kotíková
Plant Soil Environ., 2016, 62(2):86-91 | DOI: 10.17221/731/2015-PSE
In this study, twelve cultivars of potato with different flesh colour (yellow, purple and red) were cultivated in 2012 and 2013 in two trial localities in the Czech Republic and evaluated for the main individual carotenoids. The content of total carotenoids (TC) in analysed cultivars ranged in 1.1-12.2 mg/kg in dry matter (DM) and was influenced by genotype cultivar, locality and year. Cv. Agria (yellow flesh) reached 1.8 to 11.8 times higher levels of TC compared with cultivars of coloured flesh. Locality and year of higher average temperatures during the growing season produced higher TC contents in tubers. Genotype significantly influenced the content...
Dynamics of microbial population size in rhizosphere soil of Monsanto's Cry1Ac cottonOriginal Paper
Y.-J. Zhang, M. Xie, D.-L. Peng, J.-J. Zhao, Z.-R. Zhang
Plant Soil Environ., 2016, 62(2):92-97 | DOI: 10.17221/770/2015-PSE
Monsanto's Bt-cotton NC 33B, planted in northern China for more than one decade, effectively controls cotton bollworms; however the understanding of its potential effects on soil microorganisms is limited. The dynamics of eubacterial, fungal and actinomycetes population sizes in rhizosphere soil of the Bt cotton were analysed by real-time PCR (qPCR) at the different growth stages under field conditions during 2009 to 2011. Results showed that the population sizes (microbial rDNA gene copies) of eubacteria, fungi and actinomycetes in rhizosphere soil were markedly affected by natural variations in the environment related to the year,...