Plant, Soil and Environment, 2017 (vol. 63), issue 8
Biosynthesis of waxy starch - a reviewReview
Evžen ŠÁRKA, Václav DVOŘÁČEK
Plant Soil Environ., 2017, 63(8):335-341 | DOI: 10.17221/324/2017-PSE 
Starch comprises nearly linear amylose and branched amylopectin, whilst waxy starches are a special form, containing almost exclusively amylopectin. Modern techniques in plant breeding together with new data from starch biosynthesis research have enabled new food and non-food uses of waxy starches. This paper describes the basic ways of glucose conversion to waxy starch in plants. The recent evidence of ADP-Glc accumulation in cytosol of photosynthetically competent cells proposes a more complex pathway of starch biosynthesis based on a tight interconnection of sucrose and starch metabolic pathways. Also many studies indicate the existence of different...
Soil N2O emissions under conventional and reduced tillage methods and maize cultivationOriginal Paper
Beata RUTKOWSKA, Wiesław SZULC, Ewa SZARA, Monika SKOWROŃSKA, Tamara JADCZYSZYN
Plant Soil Environ., 2017, 63(8):342-347 | DOI: 10.17221/291/2017-PSE
The study concerned the determination of nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions under conventional and reduced tillage conditions. In the reduced cultivation, a soil cultivating seed drill was used for simultaneous sowing of seeds and subsurface application of fertilizer. The emission levels of the gas tested were dependent on the year of the study and the method of soil tillage, and were subject to considerable changes during the growing season. The use of reduced soil tillage significantly limited emissions of the analysed gas into the atmosphere. Depending on the year of the study, N2O emission in the reduced tillage system was from...
Responses of barley Albina and Xantha mutants deficient in magnesium chelatase to soil salinityOriginal Paper
Zhiyu ZUO, Xiangnan LI, Chao XU, Junjie YANG, Xiancan ZHU, Shengqun LIU, Fengbin SONG, Fulai LIU, Hanping MAO
Plant Soil Environ., 2017, 63(8):348-354 | DOI: 10.17221/329/2017-PSE
Soil salinity reduces the plant growth and grain yield in barley. The barley mutants Albina and Xantha, deficient in magnesium chelatase, represent a suitable model object for analysis of the roles of chloroplast in salt stress response. Spring barley (Hordeum vulgare cv. Svalofs Bonus) and four nonallelic Albina (alb-e16 and alb-f17) and Xantha (xan-s46 and xan-b12) mutants were used to investigate the effects of soil salinity on physiological traits of plants. Under salt stress, larger reduction in stomatal conductance and...
Assessment of air pollution by toxic elements on petrol stations using moss and lichen bag techniqueOriginal Paper
Lenka DEMKOVÁ, Beáta BARANOVÁ, Jozef OBOŇA, Július ÁRVAY, Tomáš LOŠÁK
Plant Soil Environ., 2017, 63(8):355-361 | DOI: 10.17221/297/2017-PSE
Three moss (Pleurosium spp., Polytrichum spp., Rhytidiadelphus spp.) and two lichen taxa (Hypogymnia physodes L., Pseudevernia furfuracea L.), were exposed for four weeks in six petrol stations, two consecutive years (2015-2016), in urban area of the Prešov city (Slovakia), to assess accumulation of selected airborne elements Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn. Significantly highest (P < 0.01) ability to accumulate Zn, Ni, Co and Fe was found in Pleurosium spp.; Pseudevernia furfuracea was determined the best accumulator of Hg, whereas Rhytidiadelphus spp. was found as the least suitable for this purpose. No significant differences in heavy metal...
Effects of salt stress on water status, photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence of rocketOriginal Paper
Helena HNILIČKOVÁ, František HNILIČKA, Jaroslava MARTINKOVÁ, Kamil KRAUS
Plant Soil Environ., 2017, 63(8):362-367 | DOI: 10.17221/398/2017-PSE
Salinity is a significant environmental factor affecting physiological processes in plants. This study monitors the effect of salt stress induced by the NaCl solution (0 - deionized water; 50, 100, 200, 300 mmol/L) in rocket (Eruca sativa (L.) Mill.) cv. Astro over the course of 50 days. Salt stress significantly affected the monitored parameters. The osmotic potential decreased with increasing NaCl concentrations, while relative water content decrease did not take place until 200 mmol/L NaCl. Compared to the control group, transpiration (E) decreased at the concentration of 50 mmol/L NaCl and stomatal conductance (gs) and net photosynthetic...
Germination responses to water potential in Bromus sterilis L. under different temperatures and light regimesOriginal Paper
Veronika VALIČKOVÁ, Kateřina HAMOUZOVÁ, Michaela KOLÁŘOVÁ, Josef SOUKUP
Plant Soil Environ., 2017, 63(8):368-374 | DOI: 10.17221/406/2017-PSE
Barren brome (Bromus sterilis L.) is a troublesome weed of winter cereals in western and central Europe and its control requires an exact estimation of emergence time. The study focused on the germination response of populations from the Czech Republic to water availability at different temperatures and under different light regimes. Seeds were able to germinate even at very low water potential (Ψ) close to the wilting point, but decreasing temperatures below 25°C and exposure to light decreased the germination percentage (GP) and prolonged the time to reach 50% germination (T50). At higher temperatures of 15, 20, and 25°C,...
The effect of freezing temperature on physiological traits in sunflowerOriginal Paper
Helena HNILIČKOVÁ, Václav HEJNÁK, Lenka NĚMCOVÁ, Jaroslava MARTINKOVÁ, Milan SKALICKÝ, František HNILIČKA, Philippe GRIEU
Plant Soil Environ., 2017, 63(8):375-380 | DOI: 10.17221/214/2017-PSE
This study was conducted to identify the physiological mechanisms associated with the resistance and tolerance of young sunflower plants to freezing temperatures. The effect of overnight temperature -3°C on the maximal quantum efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm), the relative electrolyte leakage (REL) and the osmotic potential (Ψπ) was determined in five genotypes of sunflower: C33, C98, C124 and C148 were chosen from the population of recombinant inbred lines (RILs) based on contrasted responses to low temperature, and a wild genotype 2603 that was chosen for its ability to maintain activities in cold conditions. The...
Elevated ozone level affects micronutrients bioavailability in soil and their concentrations in wheat tissuesOriginal Paper
Yabo WANG, Siyu WEI, Yue SUN, Wei MAO, Tingting DANG, Weiqin YIN, Shengsen WANG, Xiaozhi WANG
Plant Soil Environ., 2017, 63(8):381-387 | DOI: 10.17221/323/2017-PSE
To investigate the bioavailability of essential micronutrients (Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn) in soil-plant system, sequential scheme of weak acid soluble (WAS), reducible (RED) and oxidizable (OXI) fractions was used to evaluate the bioavailability of micronutrients in different soil depths. The results revealed that at the tillering stage elevated O3 concentration significantly increased WAS-Fe at 0-5 cm and 10-15 cm soils by 69.11% and 59.72%, respectively. At the ripening stage, both WAS-Cu and RED-Cu were significantly increased in elevated O3 treatment compared to control, while WAS-Mn only showed significant in 0-5 cm soil. In bulk soil,...