Plant Soil Environ., 2012, 58(2):91-97 | DOI: 10.17221/437/2011-PSE

The effect of application of copper fungicides on photosynthesis parameters and level of elementary copper in hops

K. Krofta1, J. Pokorný2, T. Kudrna1, J. Ježek1, J. Pulkrábek2, J. Křivánek1, D. Bečka2
1 Hop Research Institute Co., Ltd, Žatec, Czech Republic
2 Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic

Photosynthesis and transpiration rates in the interval of 30 min before and 30 min after copper fungicide application show an increase from the level of 5.0 to 7.0 µmol CO2/m2/s and 0.75 to 1.00 mmol H20/m2/s. Long-term measurements show that the increase of photosynthesis rate after copper application is temporal and fades away after 10-14 days. No stress response was induced after the application of copper fungicides. Contents of copper in hop cones are up to 500 mg/kg if total amount of applied copper does not exceed 15 kg/ha. Contents of copper on leaves are 2-5 times higher at the same application dose. Application of 5 kg copper per one hectare of vigorous growth of Agnus variety increases content of copper on hop leaves by 1000 mg/kg at least. The same amount of copper increases its content in hop cones by 300 mg/kg at the ripening period. Tight correlation between the amount of copper applied and its content in hops does not exist. Elementary copper from leaves is brought into harvested hops in the form of biological admixtures. Copper content in hop cones shows a decreasing trend, which is given by gradual increase of cones size at the ripening period. Similar trend on hop leaves shows that washing off and dissolving of copper compounds by atmospheric water can participate in this process as well. Common content of copper in untreated hop cones and leaves is up to 20-25 mg/kg.

Keywords: downy mildew; copper; photosynthesis rate; transpiration rate

Published: February 29, 2012  Show citation

ACS AIP APA ASA Harvard Chicago Chicago Notes IEEE ISO690 MLA NLM Turabian Vancouver
Krofta K, Pokorný J, Kudrna T, Ježek J, Pulkrábek J, Křivánek J, Bečka D. The effect of application of copper fungicides on photosynthesis parameters and level of elementary copper in hops. Plant Soil Environ. 2012;58(2):91-97. doi: 10.17221/437/2011-PSE.
Share...
Download citation
  • BibTeX (.bib)
  • Bookends (.ris)
  • EasyBib (.ris)
  • EndNote (.enw)
  • EndNote 8 (.xml)
  • ISI WoS (.isi)
  • Medlars (.medlars)
  • Mendeley (.ris)
  • MODS (.xml)
  • Papers (.ris)
  • RefWorks (.txt)
  • RefManager (.ris)
  • RIS (.ris)
  • MS Word (.xml)
  • Zotero (.ris)
    • Open full article

    References

    1. Bamforth C.W. (1999): The science and understanding of the flavour stability of beer: a critical assessment. Brauwelt International, 17: 98-110.
    2. Baret F., Houlès V., Guérif M. (2007): Quantification of plant stress using remote sensing observations and crop models: the case of nitrogen management. Journal of Experimental Botany, 58: 869-880. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    3. Čejka P., Kellner V., Frantík F. (1989): Significance of copper in brewing technology. Kvasný průmysl, 35: 131-136. (In Czech) Go to original source...
    4. Dostálek P., Čepička J., Enge J., Koplík R., Čurdová E. (2001): Beer, the beverage with the lowest heavy metals content. Kvasný průmysl, 47: 327-330. (In Czech)
    5. Hniličková H., Hnilička F., Krofta K. (2007): Determining the saturation irradiance and photosynthetic capacity for new perspective varieties of hop (Humulus lupulus L.). Cereal Research Communications, 35: 461-464. Go to original source...
    6. Krofta K., Frantík F., Kellner V. (1994): The occurrence of selected heavy metals in hops. Kvasný průmysl, 40: 329-333. (In Czech) Go to original source...
    7. Kunito T., Senoo K., Saeki K., Oyaizu H., Matsumoto S. (1999): Usefulness of the sensitivity-resistance index to estimate the toxicity of copper on bacteria in copper contaminated soils. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 44: 182-189. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    8. Mäder C., Sommer G., Thurl S. (1997): Veränderung der Gehalte der Spurenelemente Blei, Cadmium, Kupfer und Zink während der Bierherstellung. Monatschr Brauwiss, 7/8: 138-141.
    9. Marsh R.W., Martin H., Munson R.G. (1937): Studies upon the copper fungicides: the distribution of fungicidal properties among certain copper compounds. Annals of Applied Biology, 24: 853-866. Go to original source...
    10. Peat W.E., Thomas G.G. (1974): The photosynthetic activity of the developing hop cone. Annals of Applied Biology, 76: 319-324. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    11. Portner J. et al. (2006): Nährstofaufnahme des Hopfens. HopfenRundschau, 5: 116-120.
    12. Rajapaksha R.M.C.P., Tobor-Kaplon M.A., Bååth E. (2004): Metal toxicity affects fungal and bacterial activities in soil differently. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 70: 2966-2973. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    13. Sommer A.L. (1931): Copper as an essential for plant growth. Plant Physiology, 6: 339-345. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    14. Takáč P., Szabová T., Kozáková Ľ., Benková M. (2009): Heavy metals and their bioavailability from soils in the long-term polluted Central Spiš region of SR. Plant, Soil and Environment, 55: 167-172. Go to original source...
    15. Vostřel J., Klapal I., Kudrna T. (2010): Protection of virus-free Saaz aroma hop and hybrid hop varieties against downy mildew in Tršice growing region. Metodika pro praxi 8/10. Hop Research Institute Žatec. (In Czech)
    16. Yruela I. (2005): Copper in plants. Brazilian Journal of Plant Physiology, 17: 145-156. Go to original source...

    This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY NC 4.0), which permits non-comercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original publication is properly cited. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.


    Return to the content