Plant Soil Environ., 2023, 69(8):363-373 | DOI: 10.17221/444/2022-PSE

Pyrolysis temperature had effects on the physicochemical properties of biocharOriginal Paper

Xue Li1,2, Hang Liu1, Ning Liu1, Zhentao Sun1, Shifeng Fu3, Xiumei Zhan1, Jinfeng Yang1, Rongxin Zhou1, Hongda Zhang1, Jiming Zhang1, Xiaori Han1
1 Monitoring and Experimental Station of Corn Nutrition and Fertilization in Northeast Region, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Land and Environment, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, P.R. China
2 INSA-UB, Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
3 Agronomy College, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, P.R. China

Biochar is the carbon-rich product obtained when biomass is anaerobically heated. In this study, different materials (corn straw and peanut shell) and pyrolysis temperatures (350, 450 and 550 °C) affect the elemental composition, surface structure, and biochar properties. The results showed that the carbon (C) content in biochar increased as the temperature increased, but hydrogen (H) and nitrogen (N) did not change. The alkane overpressure of corn straw and peanut shell increased first and then decreased with the increased temperature; the fatty alkyl chain disappeared, but the ash content increased at 550 °C. At high temperatures, the aromaticity (H/C ratio) and hydrophobicity (O/C ratio) of biochar become "carbon-rich particles", while the polarity (O + N)/C decreases significantly. The pore wall of biochar became thinner with the increase in pyrolysis temperature, the internal pore structure became larger, and a large number of micropores appeared in biochar. Biochar pyrolysed at 550 °C has much higher C, ash content, pore, and stronger buffering capacity, and thus is more promising to improve soil health.

Keywords: renewable resource; organic material; carbonisation; nutrient availability; absorption efficiency

Accepted: July 31, 2023; Prepublished online: August 17, 2023; Published: August 30, 2023  Show citation

ACS AIP APA ASA Harvard Chicago Chicago Notes IEEE ISO690 MLA NLM Turabian Vancouver
Li X, Liu H, Liu N, Sun Z, Fu S, Zhan X, et al.. Pyrolysis temperature had effects on the physicochemical properties of biochar. Plant Soil Environ. 2023;69(8):363-373. doi: 10.17221/444/2022-PSE.
Share...
Download citation
  • BibTeX (.bib)
  • Bookends (.ris)
  • EasyBib (.ris)
  • EndNote (.enw)
  • EndNote 8 (.xml)
  • ISI WoS (.isi)
  • Medlars (.medlars)
  • Mendeley (.ris)
  • MODS (.xml)
  • Papers (.ris)
  • RefWorks (.txt)
  • RefManager (.ris)
  • RIS (.ris)
  • MS Word (.xml)
  • Zotero (.ris)
    • Open full article

    References

    1. Achor S., Aravis C., Heaney N., Odion E., Lin C. (2020): Response of organic acid-mobilized heavy metals in soils to biochar application. Geoderma, 378: 114628. Go to original source...
    2. Angin D., Koese T.E., Selengil U. (2013): Production and characterization of activated carbon prepared from safflower seed cake biochar and its ability to absorb reactive dyestuff. Applied Surface Science, 280: 705-710. Go to original source...
    3. Arthur E., Ahmed F. (2017): Rice straw biochar affects water retention and air movement in a sand-textured tropical soil. Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science, 63: 2035-2047. Go to original source...
    4. Barros N., Salgado J., Rodríguez-Añón J.A., Proupín J., Villanueva M., Hansen L.D. (2010): Calorimetric approach to metabolic carbon conversion efficiency in soils: comparison of experimental and theoretical models. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 99: 771-777. Go to original source...
    5. Battley E.H. (1987): Energetics of Microbial Growth. New York, Wiley. ISBN : 0471084921
    6. Bedmutha R., Booker C.J., Ferrante L., Briens C., Berruti F., Yeunga K.K.C., Scott I., Conn K. (2011): Insecticidal and bactericidal characteristics of the bio-oil from the fast pyrolysis of coffee grounds. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 90: 224-231. Go to original source...
    7. Bi Y., Gao C., Wang Y., Li B. (2009): Estimation of straw resources in China. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 25: 211-217. (In Chinese)
    8. Brendova K., Szakova J., Lhotka M., Krulikovska T., Puncochar M., Tlustos P. (2017): Biochar physicochemical parameters as a result of feedstock material and pyrolysis temperature: predictable for the fate of biochar in soil? Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 39: 1381-1395. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    9. Chen T., Zhou Z., Han R., Meng R., Wang H., Lu W. (2015): Adsorption of cadmium by biochar derived from municipal sewage sludge: impact factors and adsorption mechanism. Chemosphere, 134: 286-293. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    10. Cornelissen G., Rutherford D.W., Arp H., Doersch P., Kelly C.N., Rostad C.U.E. (2013): Sorption of pure N2O to biochars and other organic and inorganic materials under anhydrous conditions. Environmental Science and Technology, 47: 7704-7712. Go to original source...
    11. Das S.K., Ghosh G.K. (2022): Soil hydro-physical properties affected by biomass-derived biochar and organic manure: a low-cost technology for managing acidic mountain sandy soils of North Eastern region of India. Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery, 0123456789. Go to original source...
    12. Domingues R.R., Sanchez-Monedero M.A., Spokas K.A., Melo L.C.A., Trugilho P.F., Valenciano M.N., Silva C.A. (2020): Enhancing cation exchange capacity of weathered soils using biochar: feedstock, pyrolysis conditions and addition rate. Agronomy, 10: 824. Go to original source...
    13. Fellet G., Marchiol L., Delle V.G., Peressotti A. (2011): Application of biochar on mine tailings: effects and perspectives for land reclamation. Chemosphere, 83: 1262-1267. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    14. Gao H.Y., Chen X.X., Zhang W., Xusheng H.E., Geng Z.C., She D., Guo Y.L. (2012a): A study on physicochemical properties of biochar and biochar-based ammonium nitrate fertilizers. Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas, 30: 14-20.
    15. Gao H.Y., He X.S., Chen X.X., Zhang W., Geng Z.C. (2012b): Effect of biochar and biochar-based ammonium nitrate fertilizers on soil chemical properties and crop yield. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 31: 1948-1955.
    16. Getachew A., Bird M.I., Nelson P.N., Bass M.A. (2015): The ameliorating effects of biochar and compost on soil quality and plant growth on a Ferralsol. Soil Research, 53: 1-12. Go to original source...
    17. Glaser B., Lehmann J., Zech W. (2002): Ameliorating physical and chemical properties of highly weathered soils in the tropics with charcoal - a review. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 35: 219-230. Go to original source...
    18. Goswami R., Shim J., Deka S., Kumari D., Kataki R., Kumar M. (2016): Characterization of cadmium removal from aqueous solution by biochar produced from Ipomoea fistulosa at different pyrolytic temperatures. Ecological Engineering, 97: 444-451. Go to original source...
    19. He Y., Yao Y., Ji Y., Deng J., Zhou G., Liu R., Shao J., Zhou L., Li N., Zhou X., Bai S.H. (2020): Biochar amendment boosts photosynthesis and biomass in C3 but not C4 plants: a global synthesis. Global Change Biology Bioenergy, 12: 605-617. Go to original source...
    20. Huff M.D., Marshall S., Saeed H.A., Lee J.W. (2018): Surface oxygenation of biochar through ozonization for dramatically enhancing cation exchange capacity. Bioersources and Bioprocessing, 5: 18. Go to original source...
    21. Jassal R.S., Johnson M.S., Molodovskaya M., Black T.A., Jollymore A., Sveinson K. (2015): Nitrogen enrichment potential of biochar in relation to pyrolysis temperature and feedstock quality. Journal of Environmental Management, 152: 140-144. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    22. Jia G.S., Innocent M.T., Yu Y., Hu Z.X., Wang X.F., Xiang H.X., Zhu M.F. (2023): Lignin-based carbon fibers: insight into structural evolution from lignin pretreatment, fiber forming, to pre-oxidation and carbonization. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 226: 645-659. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    23. Krebsbach S., He J., Adhikari S., Olshansky Y., Feyzbar F., Davis L.C., Oh T.S., Wang D. (2023): Mechanistic understanding of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) sorption by biochars. Chemosphere, 330: 138661. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    24. £apczyñska-Kordon B., ¦lipek Z., S³omka-Polonis K., Styks J., Hebda T., Francik S. (2022): Physicochemical properties of biochar produced from goldenrod plants. Materials, 15: 2615. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    25. Lawal A.A., Hassan M.A., Zakaria M.R., Yusoff M.Z.M., Norrrahim M.N.F., Mokhtar M.N., Shirai Y. (2021): Effect of oil palm biomass cellulosic content on nanopore structure and adsorption capacity of biochar. Bioresource Technology, 332: 125070. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    26. Lehmann J. (2007): A handful of carbon. Nature, 447: 143-144. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    27. Lehmann J., Joseph S. (2009): Biochar for environmental management: an introduction. Biochar for Environmental Management Science and Technology, 25: 15801-15811.
    28. Li Z., Xue X.S. (2022): Soil improvement by different biochar for organic carbon cycles in the Cd-polluted soil-wheat system. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 31: 10916-10920.
    29. Li C., Zhao C., Zhao X., Wang Y., Lv X., Zhu X., Song X. (2023): Beneficial effects of biochar application with nitrogen fertilizer on soil nitrogen retention, absorption and utilization in maize production. Agronomy, 13: 1. Go to original source...
    30. Li X., Li N., Yang J.F., Xiang Y.S., Wang X., Han X.R. (2023): Changes in P forms and fractions due to the addition of stover and biochar to growing crops in soils amended with stover and its biochar. Frontiers in Soil Science, 3: 1. Go to original source...
    31. Li X., Romanyà J., Li N., Xiang Y., Yang J., Han X.R. (2022): Biochar fertilization effects on soil bacterial community and soil phosphorus forms depends on the application rate. Science of the Total Environment, 843: 157022. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    32. Liu F.W. (2018): Preliminary study on physical and chemical properties of biochar and its quality evaluation methods. Dissertation for Master. Shenyang, Shenyang Agricultural University.
    33. Liu Y.X., Liu W., Wu W.X., Zhong Z.K., Chen Y.X. (2009): Environmental behaviour and effect of biomass-derived black carbon in soil: a review. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 20: 977-982. Go to PubMed...
    34. Liu Z., Niu W., Chu H., Zhou T., Niu Z. (2018): Effect of the pyrolysis temperature on the properties of biochar produced from the pyrolysis of crop residues, BioResources, 13: 3429-3446. Go to original source...
    35. Masiello C.A., Chen Y., Gao X., Liu S., Cheng H.Y., Bennett M.R., Rudgers J.A., Wagner D.S., Zygourakis K., Silberg J.J. (2013): Biochar and microbial signaling: production conditions determine effects on microbial communication. Environmental Science and Technology, 47: 11496-11503. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    36. Maienza A., Genesio L., Acciai M., Miglietta F., Pusceddu E., Vaccari F.P. (2017): Impact of biochar formulation on the release of particulate matter and on short-term agronomic performance. Sustainability, 9: 1131. Go to original source...
    37. Meng J., Zhang W.M., Wang S.B. (2011): Development and prospect of carbonization and returning technology of agro-forestry residue. Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University, 42: 387-392. (In Chinese)
    38. Nanda S., Dalai A.K., Berruti F., Kozinski J.A. (2016): Biochar as an exceptional bioresource for energy, agronomy, carbon sequestration, activated carbon and specialty materials. Waste and Biomass Valorization, 7: 201-235. Go to original source...
    39. Oueslati W., van de Velde S., Helali M.A., Added A., Aleya L., Meysman F.J.R. (2019): Carbon, iron and sulphur cycling in the sediments of a Mediterranean lagoon (Ghar El Melh, Tunisia). Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 221: 156-169. Go to original source...
    40. Pellera F.M., Giannis A., Kalderis D., Anastasiadou K., Stegmann R., Wang J.Y., Gidarakos E. (2012): Adsorption of Cu(II) ions from aqueous solutions on biochars prepared from agricultural by-products. Journal of Environmental Management, 96: 35-42. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    41. Rawal A., Joseph S.D., Hook J.M., Chia C.H., Munroe P.R., Donne S., Lin Y., Phelan D., Mitchell D.R.G., Pace B., Horvat J., Webber J.B.W. (2016): Mineral-biochar composites: molecular structure and porosity. Environmental Science and Technology, 50: 7706-7714. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    42. Reddy B., Reddy P.S., Bidinger F., Blümmel M. (2003): Crop management factors influencing yield and quality of crop residues. Field Crops Research, 84: 57-77. Go to original source...
    43. Regmi P., Moscoso J., Kumar S., Cao X., Mao J., Schafran G. (2012): Removal of copper and cadmium from aqueous solution using switchgrass biochar produced via hydrothermal carbonization process. Journal of Environmental Management, 109: 61-69. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    44. Schomberg H.H., Gaskin J.W., Harris K., Das K.C., Novak J.M., Busscher W.J., Watts D.W., Woodroof R.H., Lima I.M., Ahmedna M., Rehrah D., Xing B.S. (2012): Influence of biochar on nitrogen fractions in a coastal plain soil. Journal of Environmental Quality, 41: 1087-1095. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    45. Sethupathi S., Zhang M., Rajapaksha U.A., Lee S.R., Nor N.M., Mohamed A.R., Mohamed A.R., Al-Wabel M., Lee S.S., Ok Y.S. (2017): Biochars as potential adsorbers of CH4, CO2, and H2S. Sustainability, 9: 121-131. Go to original source...
    46. Sohi S.P., Krull E., Lopez-Capel E., Bol R. (2010): A review of biochar and its use and function in soil. Advances in Agronomy, 105: 47-82. Go to original source...
    47. Su B.K., Li Z., Song X., Liao S.Q. (2022): Effect of different cations on mercury sorption on various biochar. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 31: 10236-10244.
    48. Thornton W.M. (1917): The relation of oxygen to the heat of combustion of organic compounds. Philosophical Magazine, 33: 196-203. Go to original source...
    49. Ulusal A., Apaydin Varol E., Bruckman V.J., Uzun B.B. (2021): Opportunity for sustainable biomass valorization to produce biochar for improving soil characteristics. Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery, 11: 1041-1051. Go to original source...
    50. Von Stockar U., Gustafsson L., Larsson C., Marison I., Tissot P., Gnaiger E. (1993): Thermodynamic considerations in constructing energy balances for cellular growth. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, 1183: 221-240. Go to original source...
    51. Wang C., Lu H.H., Dong D., Deng H., Strong P.J., Wang H.L., Wu W.X. (2013): Insight into the effects of biochar on manure composting: evidence supporting the relationship between N2O emission and denitrifying community. Environmental Science and Technology, 47: 7431-9743. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    52. Wang D., Zhang W., Hao X., Zhou D. (2013): Transport of biochar particles in saturated granular media: effects of pyrolysis temperature and particle size. Environmental Science and Technology, 47: 821-828. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    53. Wang Y., Hu Y.J., Hao X., Peng P., Shi J.Y., Peng F., Sun R.C. (2020): Hydrothermal synthesis and applications of advanced carbonaceous materials from biomass: a review. Advanced Composites and Hybrid Materials, 3: 267-284. Go to original source...
    54. Xu C.Y., Bai S.H., Hao Y., Rachaputi R.C.N., Xu Z., Wallace H.M. (2015): Peanut shell biochar improves soil properties and peanut kernel quality on a red Ferrosol. Journal of Soils and Sediments, 15: 2220-2231. Go to original source...
    55. Xuan K.F., Li X.P., Yu X.L., Jiang Y.F., Ji J.C., Jia R.H., Wang C., Liu J.L. (2022): Effects of different organic amendments on soil pore structure acquired by three-dimensional investigation. European Journal of Soil Science, 73: e13264. Go to original source...
    56. Yuan J.H., Xu R.K. (2011): Progress of the research on the properties of biochars and their influence on soil environmental functions. Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 20: 779-785.
    57. Zhang D., Chen L., Yao Y., Liang F., Qu T., Ma W., Yang B., Dai Y.N., Lei Y. (2019): A novel approach to synthesizing porous graphene by transforming and deoxidating oxygen-containing functional groups. Chinese Chemical Letters, 30: 2313-2317. Go to original source...
    58. Zhang J.Y., Pu L.J., Li G. (2011): Preparation of biochar adsorbent from straw and its adsorption capability. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 27: 104-109.
    59. Zhang L., Liu Y., Hao L. (2016): Contributions of open crop straw burning emissions to PM 2.5 concentrations in China. Environmental Research Letters, 11: 014014. Go to original source...
    60. Zhang X., Wang D., Jiang C.C., Zhu P., Peng S.A. (2013): Effect of biochar on physicochemical properties of red and yellow-brown soils in the South China Region. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 21: 979-984. Go to original source...
    61. Zhang X., Zhang P., Yuan X., Li Y., Han L. (2020): Effect of pyrolysis temperature and correlation analysis on the yield and physicochemical properties of crop residue biochar. Bioresource Technology, 296: 122318. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    62. Zhou J.B., Zhang Q.S. (2005): Research on new method sand key technology of high efficient utilization of straw. international high-level forum on bioeconomy. Beijing, 09-14: 184-185.

    This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY NC 4.0), which permits non-comercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original publication is properly cited. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.


    Return to the content