Plant, Soil and Environment, 2003 (vol. 49), issue 10
Effects of different organic amendment on winter wheat yields under long-term continuous cropping
B. Procházková, J. Hrubý, J. Dovrtěl, O. Dostál
Plant Soil Environ., 2003, 49(10):433-438 | DOI: 10.17221/4153-PSE 
The observations were conducted on chernozem soil in a sugar-beet production region in 1971-2002. Six variants of organic amendment were examined: l - straw harvest, 2 - straw harvest + green manuring, 3 - straw incorporation, 4 - straw incorporation + green manuring, 5 - straw burning, 6 - straw burning till 1977 + intercrop, incorporation of farmyard manure at 10 t/ha since 1978. The effect of organic amendment on winter wheat continuous cropping was statistically significant. On average of the whole period (32 years), the highest yields were produced in variants with straw burning (var. 5) - 6.04 t/ha and with green manuring (var. 2) - 6.03 t/ha,...
Development of powdery mildew and leaf rust epidemics in winter wheat cultivars
L. Věchet
Plant Soil Environ., 2003, 49(10):439-442 | DOI: 10.17221/4154-PSE
Development of powdery mildew and leaf rust epidemics was examined on three winter wheat cultivars with different predispositions to powdery mildew in three-year experiments. The progress of powdery mildew and leaf rust on the same cultivar was conditioned by its dissimilar susceptibility to the respective disease. Fit temperature played an important role at the beginning of the particular disease and during its progress. Significant differences in the disease severity of powdery mildew and leaf rust were recorded on single leaves. Disease severity of leaf rust was higher on upper leaves while disease severity of powdery mildew was higher on lower leaves.
Effects of cropping system and genotype on variability in important phytonutrients kontent of the barley grain for direct food use
J. Ehrenbergerová, K. Vaculová, V. Psota, P. Havlová, V. Šerhantová
Plant Soil Environ., 2003, 49(10):443-450 | DOI: 10.17221/4155-PSE
In a four-year period (1997-2000), selected phytonutrients, of which the beta-glucan content is most important for human health, were studied in caryopses of different types of barley varieties and lines (standard, waxy, hulless) from two cropping systems. It was significantly highest in the waxy variety Washonubet (4.93%). The whole group of waxy types of barley showed a significantly higher mean content of beta-glucans (4.75%) than the varieties with standard starch composition (4.12%), the starch content, however, was significantly higher in standard varieties (61.98%) than in waxy types (60.30%). The hulless...
The effect of a fungicide application on the yield and quality of barley grain and malt
L. Hřivna
Plant Soil Environ., 2003, 49(10):451-456 | DOI: 10.17221/4156-PSE
In small-plot field trials conducted in 2000-2002 we studied the effect of fungicides on the yield and selected technological parameters of grain of malt barley and on malt. For the treatment we used Cerelux (active ingredients: fenpropimorph, flusilazole), Amistar (azoxystrobin) and Caramba (metconazole) applied in two stages of stand development (DC 47 and 55). Compared to the untreated control plants the yield grains ranged between 6.9 and 16.5% after the application of fungicides. The application of fungicides increased the proportion of full grains and had a favourable effect on the chemical composition of grain. After the treatment with azoxystrobin...
Modification of crop management and its influence on the structure of yield and duality of spring barley grain
K. Koutná, R. Cerkal, J. Zimolka
Plant Soil Environ., 2003, 49(10):457-465 | DOI: 10.17221/4157-PSE
In 1998-2000, in a multi-factorial field experiment established by the method of split blocks and subplots, we studied the effect of three systems of beet tops management, two sowing rates and two levels of N fertilization and the effect of interactions of the factors on production and qualitative indicators of spring barley varieties Amulet and Kompakt. The evaluation shows the dominant effect of the particular year on the variability of all characters. The proportion of the effect of the year on the variability of characters ranged from 2.1 (number of plants per m2) to 80.1% (yield). The variability of quality parameters was also considerably affected...
The effect of different soil core samplers on precision of estimating weed seedbank in soil
V. Smutný, J. Křen
Plant Soil Environ., 2003, 49(10):466-472 | DOI: 10.17221/4158-PSE
The effect of different soil sampling procedures on the precision of estimating the weed seedbank in soil using three soil core samplers with a circular base of 1.3, 6.4 and 8.0 cmin diameter was studied in a model experiment. The results showed the importance of a methodological approach. The soil sampler with a larger diameter is more useful for the objective assessment of the species spectrum (detection of seeds of all weed species in the soil). Furthermore, the value of the coefficient of variation (vx) decreases along with the increasing diameter of the soil sampler. The value of vx assessed in partial samples...
Nitrogen supply through transpiration mass flow can limit nitrogen nutrition of plants
F. Plhák
Plant Soil Environ., 2003, 49(10):473-479 | DOI: 10.17221/4159-PSE
Pea (Pisum sativum L.), sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) and maize (Zea mays L.) plants were cultivated for 10 days in hydroponics at 1mM and 7mM nitrate or ammonium concentrations at regulated pH 6 and ambient CO2 level. Plant growth, content of total N and both ions in plant tissues, uptake of water and both N ions were evaluated, N uptake related to transpiration mass flow and to diffusion supply was calculated. Pea and sunflower preferred nitrate nutrition while maize plants used both N ions. The content of total N as well as of both N ions in plant tissues increased with N level with some exceptions. The uptake of both...