Plant, Soil and Environment, 2004 (vol. 50), issue 3
Identification of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) cultivars using molecular markers
L. Dolanská, V. Čurn
Plant Soil Environ., 2004, 50(3):95-100 | DOI: 10.17221/4013-PSE 
The different molecular analysis for specification of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) populations was studied between 2002 and 2003. RAPD, SSR (microsatellites), rDNA and PCR-RFLP markers were used for this study. The high genetic variation was detected among the cultivars but also within the cultivars by RAPD markers. For this reason RAPD markers were not found as a suitable marker system for determination of white clover cultivars. The distribution of low genetic variation of rDNA and PCR-RFLP markers was not able to differentiate cultivars. SSR and rDNA markers did not show variability of patterns within one cultivar. The different sizes...
Performance of grass mixtures with mountain brome (Bromus marginatus Nees ex Steud.) in Central European lowlands
M.v. V Íka, A. Kohoutek, J. Smrž, P. Nerušil, V. Odstrčilová, P. Komárek
Plant Soil Environ., 2004, 50(3):101-107 | DOI: 10.17221/4014-PSE
The seeding rate of 2 mil viable seeds of mountain brome cv. Tacit (28.1 kg/ha) is sufficient to establish a productive stand. The seeding amount can be decreased in the mixture with legumes. The growing in pure stand or in a simple mixture, e.g. with alfalfa, is appropriate, because of its low competitiveness. Mixtures with red clover were slightly worse, and mixtures with white clovers, resp. other grasses less suitable. The optimal cutting height of mountain brome to 5-8 cm with regard to forage yield and persistence. Although this grass does not have special demands on site, it does not tolerate long-term dampness and floods. It is mainly used...
Succession changes of temporary grass stands on set-aside land
M. Svobodová, J. Šantrůček, J. Urbanec
Plant Soil Environ., 2004, 50(3):108-115 | DOI: 10.17221/4015-PSE
The mixtures of Bromus marginatus Nees ex Steud. + Coronilla varia L., Festuca pratensis L. + Lotus corniculatus L., Dactylis aschersoniana Graebn. + Trifolium repens L., Arrhenatherum elatius (L.) P. Beauv. ex J.S. et K.B. Presl + Medicago lupulina L. were sown in rows of 125 mm in the year 1997 in Prague (chernozem, altitude 281 m a.s.l., average precipitation is 472 mm per year, average year temperature 9.3°C). The stands were one or three times per year cut with the mass removing or one or two times mulched. Botanical composition (by weight method), number of present...
Effect of fertilization on the distribution of root phytomass and the yield of meadow stands
J. Mrkvička, M. Veselá, M. Skála
Plant Soil Environ., 2004, 50(3):116-121 | DOI: 10.17221/4016-PSE
In 1998-2000 the effect of fertilization on the quantity, stratification of root phytomass and yields of dry mass on mesophyte meadow stands was studied. The root dry matter in the soil depth of 0.0-0.25 m was oscillated and the extreme values in individual samplings were found in 1998 (402-702 g/m2). In 1999 and 2000 the oscillating minimum and maximum values of dry root phytomass in all were 418-622 g/m2, 423-678 g/m2,respectively. The mean values of dry root mass in unfertilized treatments ranged from 484 to 540 g/m2. PK increased the values insubstantially (507-565 g/m2). The higher nitrogen...
Application of modelling by the study of ground water contamination with nitrates under grasslands
F. Klimeš, S. Kužel
Plant Soil Environ., 2004, 50(3):122-128 | DOI: 10.17221/4017-PSE
At permanent grassland in the foothill regions of the Šumava (545 m a.s.l. subassociation Trifolio-Festucetum alopecuretosum Neuhäusl 1972), relations between the use of different doses of N(+PK) and contamination of ground waters with nitrates have been studied with the application of deterministic and probabilistic models with the aim of elaborating a theoretical basis and new methodological approaches for polycriterial optimisation of fertilisation of grass stands. Mutual relations between the use of doses N(+PK), build-up of primary production and perlocations of NO3- into ground waters, expressed by that of unit...
Effect of fertilisation renovation on the production capacity of permanent grassland
J. Jančovič, Ľ. Vozár, Ľ. Jančovičová, S. Petríková
Plant Soil Environ., 2004, 50(3):129-133 | DOI: 10.17221/4018-PSE
From the experimental study of fertilization renovation (after its three-year absence) on production capacity of seminatural grassland in the area of Strážov Hills (Middle Slovakia, height above see level 640 m, association Lolio-Cynosuretum Tx. 1937, time of experiment 1997-1999) it follows that yearly application of doses 60-120 kg N(+PK)/ha leads to a rapid renovation of production feat at high yield stability and production effects by infused nutriens (increase of yield 15.3 or 13.6 kg dry matter/kg NPK, 23.1 or 19.1 kg dry matter/kg N). Within the dose interval 120-240 kg N(+PK)/ha, the values of average production 1 kg N (8.64 kg dry...
Field-scale variability of weediness on arable land
P. Hamouz, J. Soukup, J. Holec, M. Jursík
Plant Soil Environ., 2004, 50(3):134-140 | DOI: 10.17221/4019-PSE
Weed mapping was conducted on 2 fields in Central Bohemia to characterize the spatial structure and temporal stability of weed populations over four years (1999-2002). A number of plants for each species and the total weed coverage were investigated on the grid points. To determine the weed infestation variability, and the Patchiness-Index was calculated. Use of Surfer-software, and weed maps were created. For single weed species occurrence the correlation between 1999 and 2000 was calculated. The results document heterogeneous occurrences of weeds, especially Cirsium arvense (PI = 9.09-15.86), Tripleurospermum maritimum (PI = 11.01-217.30)...