Plant, Soil and Environment, 2005 (vol. 51), issue 7
Silage maize (Zea mays L.) seedlings emergence as influenced by soil compaction treatments and contact pressures
O.F. Taser, O. Kara
Plant Soil Environ., 2005, 51(7):289-295 | DOI: 10.17221/3588-PSE 
Soil compaction caused by mechanical force affects the vegetative and generative plant growth. Field experiments were conducted to study the effects of soil compaction treatments and soil contact pressures on bulk density, penetration resistance and silage maize emergence in a clay-loam soil. Soil compaction treatments were applied while planting as follows: Compaction on furrow surface (F-surface), compaction on furrow bottom (F-bottom), compaction on inter row (I-row), and non-extra compaction as a control (C). The soil contact pressures of 0.025, 0.051 and 0.076 MPa were applied while the control was 0.0085 MPa. Significant differences between soil...
Separation of soil and canopy reflectance signatures of Mid German agricultural soils
T. Behrens, K. Gregor, W. Diepenbrock
Plant Soil Environ., 2005, 51(7):296-303 | DOI: 10.17221/3589-PSE
Remote sensing can provide visual indications of crop growth during production season. In past, spectral optical estimations were well performed in the ability to be correlated with crop and soil properties but were not consistent within the whole production season. To better quantify vegetation properties gathered via remote sensing, models of soil reflectance under changing moisture conditions are needed. Signatures of reflected radiation were acquired for several Mid German agricultural soils in laboratory and field experiments. Results were evaluated at near-infrared spectral region at the wavelength of 850 nm. The selected soils represented different...
Chlortoluron behavior in five different soil types
M. Kočárek, R. Kodešová, J. Kozák, O. Drábek, O. Vacek
Plant Soil Environ., 2005, 51(7):304-309 | DOI: 10.17221/3590-PSE
Chlortoluron transport was studied in five different soil types and under varying climatic conditions. The chlortoluron mobility in the monitored soils increases as follows: Albic Luvisol = Haplic Luvisol < Haplic Cambisol < Haplic Stagnosol < Greyic Phaozem. Significantly high concentrations in the top layer of Haplic Stagnosol were observed due to the high presence of coarse gravel (30-40%) and flow profile reduction up to 60%. The content of remaining chlortoluron in the soil profile corresponds to the herbicide mobility. The percentages of remaining chlortoluron were 46.1% in Albic Luvisol, 54.6% in Haplic Luvisol, 65.0% in Haplic Cambisol,...
Single and dual-permeability models of chlorotoluron transport in the soil profile
R. Kodešová, J. Kozák, J. Šimůnek, O. Vacek
Plant Soil Environ., 2005, 51(7):310-315 | DOI: 10.17221/3591-PSE
This study presents the transport of chlorotoluron in the soil profile under field conditions. The herbicide Syncuran was applied on a plot (4 m˛) using an application rate of 2.5 kg/ha of active ingredient. Soil samples were taken after 119 days to study the residual chlorotoluron distribution in the soil profile. The single and dual-permeability models in HYDRUS-1D (Šimůnek et al. 2003) were used to simulate water movement and herbicide transport in the soil profile. Soil hydraulic properties and their variability were previously studied by Kutílek et al. (1989). The solute transport parameters, such as the adsorption isotherm and the degradation...
Mobility of lead, zinc and cadmium in alluvial soils heavily polluted by smelting industry
A. Vaněk, L. Borůvka, O. Drábek, M. Mihaljevič, M. Komárek
Plant Soil Environ., 2005, 51(7):316-321 | DOI: 10.17221/3592-PSE
In order to determine the mobility of Pb, Zn and Cd in soils from the Příbram region (Czech Republic) heavily contaminated by metallurgy, two profiles of alluvial soils were closely studied. Total contents of heavy metals were determined after digestion with a mixture of HF and HClO4. Heavy metal mobility was assessed using the mobility factor (MF) that represents the proportion of heavy metals present in the exchangeable and carbonate bound fraction based on the Tessier's sequential extraction procedure. The MF ranged from 2 to 46% for lead, 19 to 62% for zinc and 61 to 94% for cadmium. The profile distribution of zinc and cadmium showed...
Trichoderma and sulphoethyl glucan reduce maize root rot infestation and fusaric acid content
A. Šrobárová, Š. Eged
Plant Soil Environ., 2005, 51(7):322-327 | DOI: 10.17221/3593-PSE
Roots of maize seedlings (cv. Pavla) infested by Fusarium verticillioides (105/ml) were cultivated on Murashige-Skoog medium (MSM, Sigma, USA) containing CaCl2,IAA and kinetin. Simultaneously, a strain of the antagonistic fungus Trichoderma sp. and a sulphoethyl glucan (SEG) isolated from the cell walls of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, were added. Two evaluations (on 7 and 14 days) were done. Productivity parameters of leaves and roots (fwt, dwt, and length), disease severity index (DSI) and fusaric acid (FA) concentration were evaluated. Both Trichoderma sp. and SEG increased productivity...
Effect of zinc application on quality traits of barley in semi arid zones of Turkey
G. Kinaci, E. Kinaci
Plant Soil Environ., 2005, 51(7):328-334 | DOI: 10.17221/3594-PSE
Field experiments were carried out to study effects of zinc application on quality traits of barley in 1994-1996. The treatments were applied as 0 and 23 kg/ha of zinc sulphate and incorporated into soil before sowing. The experimental design was split plot with four replications. Barley genotypes responded differently to zinc application in relation to thousand grains weight, protein content and starch content. A significant increase was determined for thousand grain weight in cultivars Tokak 157/37 and Cumhuriyet 50, for protein content in Orza, Bülbül 89 and Anadolu 86, for starch content in Karatay 94 and Cumhuriyet 50, while a significant decrease...