Plant, Soil and Environment, 2011 (vol. 57), issue 4
Influence of salt stress on ecophysiological parameters of Periploca sepium bunge
J.K. Sun, T. Li, J.B. Xia, J.Y. Tian, Z.H. Lu, R.T. Wang
Plant Soil Environ., 2011, 57(4):139-144 | DOI: 10.17221/227/2010-PSE 
An experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of salt stress on Periploca sepium Bunge seedlings using three levels of salinity, 50 mmol/L, 100 mmol/L, and 200 mmol/L sodium chloride (NaCl) solution. The results showed that growth parameters and net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs) of Periploca sepium Bunge were enhanced under low salinity levels (50 mmol/L NaCl), which reduced strongly with increasing salinity levels. Under 100 mmol/L NaCl and 200 mmol/L NaCl stress, the decline of Pn was mainly caused by non-stomatal factors. The water use efficiency (WUE), apparent light...
Evaluation of evapotranspiration models for estimating daily reference evapotranspiration in arid and semiarid environments
O.E. Mohawesh
Plant Soil Environ., 2011, 57(4):145-152 | DOI: 10.17221/240/2010-PSE
Daily outputs from eight evapotranspiration models were tested against reference evapotranspiration (ETo) data computed by FAO56PM to assess the accuracy of each model in estimating ETo. Models were compared at eight stations across Jordan. Results show that Hargreaves modified models were the best in light of mean biased error (MBE), root mean square error (RMSE) and mean absolute error (MAE). The MBE, RMSE, and MAE values ranged from -1.47 to 0.81, 3.87 to 1.14 and 0.87 to 3.15 mm/day for HarM1, and from -1.45 to 0.89, 1.08 to 3.91, and 0.85 to 3.16 mm/day for HarM2, respectively, which would make it the best models in light of...
The interaction of salinity and chromium in the influence of barley growth and oxidative stress
S. Ali, F. Zeng, S. Cai, B. Qiu, G. Zhang
Plant Soil Environ., 2011, 57(4):153-159 | DOI: 10.17221/335/2010-PSE
The effect of chromium and NaCl on growth and anti-oxidative enzymes in two barley genotypes differing in salt tolerance was investigated in a hydroponic experiment. Salinity stress reduced plant growth, photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance, while increased SOD and POD activities, and MDA content in barley plants. CM72, a salt-tolerant genotype was less affected by salinity stress than Gairdner, a salt-sensitive genotype. The effect of Cr on plant growth and anti-oxidative enzymes varied with Cr level. Under low Cr level (10 µmol), plant growth inhibition and oxidative stress caused by salinity stress were generally alleviated, in particular...
The effect of trophism level and exploitation intensity on the production characteristics of grassland community dominated by Festuca arundinacea Schreb.
F. Hrabě, P. Knot
Plant Soil Environ., 2011, 57(4):160-165 | DOI: 10.17221/359/2010-PSE
In 2004-2009, a small-plot trial was conducted on permanent grassland dominated by Festuca arundinacea Schreb. on the mesohygrophytic site in order to evaluate effects of four levels of nutrition: F1 = without NPK fertilization, F2 = P30 + K60, F3 = N90 + P30 + K60, F4 = N180 + P30 + K60 kg/ha), four levels of cutting intensity (I1-4, I2-3, I3-2, early, I4-2, late cut) and their interactive influence, i.e. a total of 16 variants on the production of forage dry matter, production...
Organic salts enhanced soil risk elements leaching and bioaccumulation in Pistia stratiotes
T. Veselý, P. Tlustoš, J. Száková
Plant Soil Environ., 2011, 57(4):166-172 | DOI: 10.17221/411/2010-PSE
It is well known that organic chelates have a positive influence on micronutrients mobilisation. The objective of the present study was to investigate the efficiency of organic acid salts to enhance mobility of Cd, Pb, and Zn in soil with subsequent bioaccumulation in water plant (P. stratiotes). Column flushing and pot rhizofiltration experiment were conducted. Statistical analyses ANOVA with Tukey's HSD test were used for results analysis. Results revealed statistically different efficiency of four tested organic acid salts (P < 0.05). Ammonium citrate was the most effective for release of all three risk elements. Cd, Pb, and...
Dolomite limestone application as a chemical immobilization of metal-contaminated soil
L. Trakal, M. Neuberg, P. Tlustoš, J. Száková, V. Tejnecký, O. Drábek
Plant Soil Environ., 2011, 57(4):173-179 | DOI: 10.17221/408/2010-PSE
In this experiment we proved an effect of dolomite limestone on chemical immobilization in soil contaminated by trace metals, namely Cd, Pb, and Zn. Primary, we set up lysimeter pot experiment to measure soil leaching without vegetation. Willow clone (S. × smithiana Willd) was cultivated in the second lysimeter pot as a new approach to monitor Pb, Cd and Zn leaching, which was affected by soil liming (used in 1% rate). At the time of both harvests, aboveground biomass increased significantly at the amended variant. After the second harvest aboveground biomass production increased by 80% in comparison with the first one, Cd and Zn concentration...
Occurrence and correction of lime-induced chlorosis in petunia plants
F. Šrámek, M. Dubský
Plant Soil Environ., 2011, 57(4):180-185 | DOI: 10.17221/426/2010-PSE
The effect of various concentrations and ratios of iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) chelates on growth, micronutrient uptake and chlorophyll content was investigated in a glasshouse experiment using potted petunia plants. The plants were cultivated in a peat substrate amended with dolomitic limestone at rate of 3.0 g/L (control substrate) or 12.0 g/L. The higher rate was established both to restrict the uptake of Fe, Mn and other nutrients and also to test the effectiveness of various Fe and Mn treatments. The plants in all the treatments were fertigated at weekly intervals with a nutrient solution containing macronutrients and micronutrients. Various...
Long term effects of different soil tillage systems on maize (Zea mays L.) yields
Ž. Videnović, M. Simić, J. Srdić, Z. Dumanović
Plant Soil Environ., 2011, 57(4):186-192 | DOI: 10.17221/443/2010-PSE
The effects of three tillage systems: no-tillage (NT), reduced tillage (RT) and conventional tillage (CT), and three levels of fertilization (0, 258 and 516 kg/ha NPK (58:18:24)), on the maize yield during ten years (1999-2008) were analyzed on the chernozem soil type in Zemun Polje, Serbia. Statistical analyses showed significant effects of all three factors i.e., year, soil tillage and amount of fertilizers, and their interactions on the maize yield. The ten-year averages showed that the highest yields were observed with CT (10.61 t/ha), while the averages with RT and NT were lower (8.99 t/ha and 6.85 t/ha, respectively). The results of the influence...