Plant, Soil and Environment, 2012 (vol. 58), issue 8
Agronomically important traits of emmer wheat
P. Konvalina, I. Capouchová, Z. Stehno
Plant Soil Environ., 2012, 58(8):341-346 | DOI: 10.17221/174/2011-PSE 
Particular agronomic traits of six landraces of Triticum diccocum Schrank (Schuebl) were studied during three years in Prague and České Budějovice localities, Czech Republic. The analysis of tolerance to drought by using the method of 13C discrimination (CID) was also focused on in the research. All the tested varieties were resistant to usual wheat diseases. An inclination of particular varieties to lodging and a low harvest index rate (0.33) were negative factors having a significant effect on the yield rate. Meanwhile, all the varieties contained a high percentage of proteins in grain (17.92%) which was an important advantage...
Spring, einkorn and emmer wheat species - potential rich sources of free ferulic acid and other phenolic compounds
J. Lachman, J. Musilová, Z. Kotíková, K. Hejtmánková, M. Orsák, J. Přibyl
Plant Soil Environ., 2012, 58(8):347-353 | DOI: 10.17221/289/2012-PSE
Einkorn (Triticum monococcum L., subsp. monococcum), emmer (Triticum dicoccum Schuebl [Schrank], subsp. dicoccum) and spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) may be rich in hydrophilic antioxidants, therefore being a potential food source with high nutritional properties. The aim of the present study was to assess the content of free ferulic acid (FFA) and total polyphenols (TP) beneficial for human health in wheat varieties and accessions for breeding and production. Einkorn, emmer and spring wheat varieties were assessed for TP and FFA contents in the precise two-year field experiments. The highest FFA content...
Composites containing acetylated wheat B-starch for agriculture applications
E. Šárka, Z. Kruliš, J. Kotek, L. Růžek, K. Voříšek, J. Koláček, K. Hrušková, M. Růžková, O. Ekrt
Plant Soil Environ., 2012, 58(8):354-359 | DOI: 10.17221/287/2012-PSE
Native and acetylated B-starch was used in biodegradable films after blending with either poly-(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) or ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA). The following mechanical characteristics of prepared films were derived from the stress-strain curves: Young modulus, yield stress, stress-at-break and strain-at-break. Acetylation of starch molecules in the composites reduced the degradation rate in compost. Optical microscopy, combined with the image analysis system NIS-Elements completed with extended depth of focus (EDF) module, was used to study the PCL/starch and EVA/starch films surface morphology during composting. Parameters...
Biological nitrogen fixation of Biserrula pelecinus L. under water deficit
C.S.L. Vicente, M.A. Pérez-Fernández, G. Pereira, M.M. Tavares-de-Sousa
Plant Soil Environ., 2012, 58(8):360-366 | DOI: 10.17221/786/2011-PSE
The present work studied the effects of water deficiency conditions on the biological nitrogen fixation of three native rhizobia (SafPt12, SafPt6, and AjuPt16) isolated from Biserrula pelecinus L., and a reference strain Mesorhizobium ciceri biovar biserrulae. In terms of plant-water status, B. pelecinus showed typical signs of drought avoidance strategies such as reducing the aboveground development (i.e. reduction in leaf surface area and increase in root/shoot ratio) in detriment of a better developed root system. Dry-matter production and nitrogen content of the aboveground biomass decreased with the increasing...
Interactions between nitrogen nutrition and phytohormone levels in Festulolium plants
D. Pavlíková, M. Neuberg, E. Žižková, V. Motyka, M. Pavlík
Plant Soil Environ., 2012, 58(8):367-372 | DOI: 10.17221/367/2012-PSE
This study aims to reveal and to compare effect of two various systems of nitrogen nutrition, namely injection and sidedress application, on the levels of NO3- and phytohormones (cytokinins, abscisic acid (ABA), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA)) in Festulolium plants. Calcium nitrate (CN) or ammonium sulphate (AS) were used as N source in the pot experiment. The yield of Festulolium above and below ground biomass was more substantially enhanced after sidedress application of both AS or CN in comparison with injection application. The levels of endogenous cytokinins peaked 5 days after application regardless the form of N source and the method of application....
Annual dynamics of N2O emissions from a tea field in southern subtropical China
X.Q. Fu, Y. Li, W.J. Su, J.L. Shen, R.L. Xiao, C.L. Tong, J. Wu
Plant Soil Environ., 2012, 58(8):373-378 | DOI: 10.17221/719/2011-PSE
The annual dynamics of N2O emissions from a tea field in southern subtropical China was observed in situ weekly in 2010 using a static closed chamber - gas chromatography (GC) method for three treatments: non-fertilised (CK), conventional (CON) and rice straw mulching (SM). The annual N2O emissions for CK, CON and SM were 7.1, 17.2 and 16.7 kg N/ha/year, respectively. The N2O emission factors for the CON and SM treatments were estimated as 2.23% and 1.91% of the total fertiliser N applied, respectively. Rice straw mulching exhibited a potential to reduce the N2O emissions from the tea field, but...
The effect of intensive traffic on soil and vegetation risk element contents as affected by the distance from a highway
V. Modlingerová, J. Száková, J. Sysalová, P. Tlustoš
Plant Soil Environ., 2012, 58(8):379-384 | DOI: 10.17221/309/2012-PSE
The potential effect of intensive traffic on detrimental element contents in soil and vegetation was investigated in the vicinity of a selected section (1 km) of a highly frequented highway as affected by the distance from the roadway (1 m, 35 m, and 70 m). Aqua regia and 0.11 mol/L acetic acid soluble contents of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Mo, Ni, Pb, and Zn in soils and total contents of these elements in the aboveground biomass of Achillea millefolium L. (Asteraceae) and Vicia cracca L. (Fabaceae) were determined. The main physicochemical parameters of the soils were determined, as well. The element contents did not exceed the maximum...
Ground cover and leaf area index relationship in a grass, legume and crucifer crop
J. Ramirez-Garcia, P. Almendros, M. Quemada
Plant Soil Environ., 2012, 58(8):385-390 | DOI: 10.17221/195/2012-PSE
Canopy characterization is essential for describing the interaction of a crop with its environment. The goal of this work was to determine the relationship between leaf area index (LAI) and ground cover (GC) in a grass, a legume and a crucifer crop, and to assess the feasibility of using these relationships as well as LAI-2000 readings to estimate LAI. Twelve plots were sown with either barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), vetch (Vicia sativa L.), or rape (Brassica napus L.). On 10 sampling dates the LAI (both direct and LAI-2000 estimations), fraction intercepted of photosynthetically active radiation (FIPAR) and GC were...