Plant, Soil and Environment, 2014 (vol. 60), issue 7
Nitrogen efficiency of spring barley in long-term experimentOriginal Paper
Š. Shejbalová, J. Černý, F. Vašák, M. Kulhánek, J. Balík
Plant Soil Environ., 2014, 60(7):291-296 | DOI: 10.17221/916/2013-PSE 
The aim of this study was to evaluate nitrogen (N) efficiency from different organic and mineral fertilizers applied to the spring barley. Dry matter yield, N content and N uptake of spring barley from 16 years of experiments at two sites in the Czech Republic with different soil and climatic conditions were analyzed. For assessing of nitrogen efficiency nitrogen utilization efficiency (NUtE, kg/kg), recovery efficiency of applied N (%), agronomic efficiency of applied N (kg/kg) and summary N balances (ΣΔN, kg/ha) were observed. Six fertilization treatments were utilized: no fertilization (control); sewage sludge; farmyard manure (FYM);...
The influence of fertilization and crop rotation on the winter wheat productionOriginal Paper
M. Babulicová
Plant Soil Environ., 2014, 60(7):297-302 | DOI: 10.17221/3/2014-PSE
In a long-term field experiment winter wheat was grown in crop rotations with 40, 60 and 80% proportion of cereals. Two levels of fertilization were used: H1 - mineral fertilization N, P, K + organic fertilization Veget®; H2 - only mineral fertilization N, P, K. Winter what was grown after two preceding crops: pea and winter barley. In 2010-2012 the grain yield of winter wheat after pea was statistically higher at fertilization with mineral fertilizers N, P, K and organic manure Veget® (7.15 t/ha) in comparison with mineral fertilizers only (6.65 t/ha). In crop rotation with 80% of cereals the grain yield of winter wheat...
Fertilizer application (P, K, S, Ca and Mg) on pasture in calcareous dehesas: effects on herbage yield, botanical composition and nutritive valueOriginal Paper
O. Santamaría, S. Rodrigo, M.J. Poblaciones, L. Olea
Plant Soil Environ., 2014, 60(7):303-308 | DOI: 10.17221/114/2014-PSE
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of P, Ca, S, and/or K and/or Mg application at different rates on the botanical composition, herbage yield and its nutritive value in dehesas developed on calcareous soils. In two growing seasons, 2009/10 and 2010/11, five surface-broadcast fertiliser treatments were applied once in autumn. Two grazing periods were simulated by cutting the pasture in mid-spring and late-spring. Treatment K1, with the highest amount of Ca and without K in its composition, provided higher crude protein values in the herbage than controls in 2009/10. When the effect of each nutrient was analysed separately,...
Impact of tillage on physical characteristics in a Mollisol of Northeast ChinaOriginal Paper
X.W. Chen, A.Z. Liang, S.X. Jia, X.P. Zhang, S.C. Wei
Plant Soil Environ., 2014, 60(7):309-313 | DOI: 10.17221/245/2014-PSE
Soil management is aimed at the maintenance of optimal soil physical quality for crop production. In order to explore the effects of tillage practices on soil physical properties, a study was conducted to compare the effects of no tillage (NT), moldboard plow (MP) and ridge tillage (RT) on soil bulk density (BD), soil penetration resistance (SPR), soil water content (SWC), soil macroporosity (MAC) and soil air-filled porosity (AFP) in Northeast China. Results showed that both NT and RT led to significant BD increment than MP at 0-20 cm (P < 0.05). Compared with MP, NT and RT increased SPR at the depths of 2.5-17.5 cm (P < 0.05)....
Influence of long-term application of organic and inorganic fertilizers on soil propertiesOriginal Paper
T. Šimon, A. Czakó
Plant Soil Environ., 2014, 60(7):314-319 | DOI: 10.17221/264/2014-PSE
This study assesses the effect of long-term (59 years) application of organic and inorganic fertilizers on soil organic matter and enzyme activity. Total organic C, total organic N, hot water soluble C, microbial biomass C and dehydrogenase activity were evaluated in soil from the long-term field experiment in Prague-Ruzyně (Orthic Luvisol, clay loam). Total organic C and N increased significantly in soils treated with organic fertilizers (farmyard manure, compost) and in soils with a combination of organic and mineral NPK fertilizers (manure + NPK, compost + NPK, cattle manure + straw + NPK) compared to soil treated with inorganic fertilizer, cattle...
Antagonistic activity of selected bacteria occurring in the soil after root chicory cultivationOriginal Paper
E. Patkowska, M. Konopiński
Plant Soil Environ., 2014, 60(7):320-324 | DOI: 10.17221/283/2014-PSE
Chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) is a rich source of polysaccharides (intibin and inulin), vitamins, acids and mineral salts. The present studies determined the antagonistic activity of selected bacteria of the soil environment of root chicory towards fungi pathogenic towards this plant: Alternaria alternata, Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium culmorum, F. oxysporum, Thanatephorus cucumeris and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Root chicory was cultivated with using cover crops (oats, tansy phacelia and common vetch). The use of cover crops, especially oats, in the cultivation of root chicory had a positive...
Ammonium fixation and release by clay minerals as influenced by potassiumOriginal Paper
H.W. Scherer, E. Feils, P. Beuters
Plant Soil Environ., 2014, 60(7):325-331 | DOI: 10.17221/202/2014-PSE
It is postulated that stabilized ammonium fertilizers improve fertilizer-N utilization by crops, leading thus to higher yields with the same fertilizer rate, especially on sandy soils. However, it must be taken into consideration that in clayey soil at least a part of the NH4+ ions may be fixed by 2:1 clay minerals, thus delaying the effect of the N fertilizer. Because NH4+ and K+ have similar size and valence properties and therefore compete for the same non-exchangeable sites of 2:1 clay minerals, we investigated the influence of time and K+ application rate on both fixation and release...
Studies on dissipation of thiamethoxam insecticide in two different soils and its residue in potato cropOriginal Paper
N. Kumar, A. Srivastava, S.S. Chauhan, P.C. Srivastava
Plant Soil Environ., 2014, 60(7):332-335 | DOI: 10.17221/106/2014-PSE
The dissipation patterns of thiamethoxam insecticide at two different rates (12.5 and 25 µg/g) in both silty clay loam and loam soils were studied. The half lives of thiamethoxam were in the range of 15.0 to 18.8 days in silty clay loam and 20.1 to 21.5 days in loam soil. The residues of thiamethoxam in potato tubers and soil at harvest time (90 days after planting) could not be detected either in soil or in tubers at any of the applied rates (25 and 50 g a.i./ha). Thus, thiamethoxam does not appear to pose any health hazard to consumers or harm to the environment.