Plant, Soil and Environment, 2009 (vol. 55), issue 5
Game browse and its impact on selected grain crops
R. Cerkal, K. Vejražka, J. Kamler, J. Dvořák
Plant Soil Environ., 2009, 55(5):181-186 | DOI: 10.17221/381-PSE 
This work presents the results of a survey that studied simulated plant browsing by herbivores. In 2004-2006, winter wheat, spring barley, and maize field trials were founded in order to monitor the impact of different levels of defoliation (leaf area reduction) on the yield and grain quality. The defoliation was carried out by means of mechanical removal of plant parts in the early growth stages. Selected qualitative parameters were determined in the harvested grain of wheat and barley. Statistically significant influence of leaf area reduction (LAR) on grain yield (decrease by 4-14%) was found only in maize in 2004. No statistically significant influence...
Effects of nitrogen nutrition, fungicide treatment and wheat genotype on free asparagine and reducing sugars content as precursors of acrylamide formation in bread
P. Martinek, K. Klem, M. Váňová, V. Bartáčková, L. Večerková, P. Bucher, J. Hajšlová
Plant Soil Environ., 2009, 55(5):187-195 | DOI: 10.17221/382-PSE
Acrylamide, a monomer with neurotoxic and potential carcinogenic effect, is formed via the Maillard reaction in heat-treated carbohydrate-rich foods. The major acrylamide precursors are reducing sugars and the amino acid asparagine. The aim of this study was to analyse effects of nitrogen nutrition, leaf disease control, wheat genotype and their interactions on acrylamide precursors content in wheat flour. Asparagine content was generally increasing at higher nitrogen doses, and nitrogen dose increase from 0 to 180 kg/ha increased the asparagine content to about 250%. The highest asparagine levels were determined at early spring nitrogen application....
Biodegradation of propiconazole by Pseudomonas putida isolated from tea rhizosphere
S. Sarkar, S. Seenivasan, R. Premkumar
Plant Soil Environ., 2009, 55(5):196-201 | DOI: 10.17221/2184-PSE
Biodegradation of triazole fungicide propiconazole was carried out in vitro by selected Pseudomonas strains isolated from tea rhizosphere. A total number of twelve strains were isolated and further screened based on their tolerance level to propiconazole. Four best strains were selected and further tested for their nutritional requirements. Among the different carbon sources tested glucose exhibited the highest growth promoting capacity and among nitrogen sources ammonium nitrate supported the growth to the maximum. The four selected Pseudomonas strains exhibited a range of degradation capabilities. Mineral salts medium (MSM) amended...
Assessing radish (Raphanus sativus L.) potential for phytoremediation of lead-polluted soils resulting from air pollution
So. Asadi Kapourchal, Sa. Asadi Kapourchal, E. Pazira, M. Homaee
Plant Soil Environ., 2009, 55(5):202-206 | DOI: 10.17221/8/2009-PSE
The objective of this study was to investigate the capability of radish to extract lead from soils contaminated with lead resulting from air pollution. A randomized block experiment design was performed. The soil was contaminated with PbNO3 and the treatments consisted of 180 (standard), 250, 350, 450, 800 and 1000 mg/kg lead. After development, plants were harvested and divided into shoots and roots. The lead content of each plant part as well as the soil-lead were measured. The results indicated a non-linear positive relation between the lead concentrations in soil and that accumulated in plant roots and shoots. By increasing the lead...
Cyanobacteria from paddy fields in Iran as a biofertilizer in rice plants
H. Saadatnia, H. Riahi
Plant Soil Environ., 2009, 55(5):207-212 | DOI: 10.17221/384-PSE
In this research cyanobacteria (Blue-Green Algae, BGA) were isolated, identified, multiplied and used as an inoculum in pot rice experiment. The pH, moisture and algal population were measured in four seasons. The highest and lowest pH (6.7, 6.2), moisture of soil (43%, 34%) and algal population (12, 20 Colony-Forming Units/50 ml on A and B medium and 4, 5 Colony-Forming Units/50 ml on A and B medium) were recorded in spring and winter, respectively. The only heterocystous cyanobacteria were found in soil samples identified as Anabaena with four species (A. spiroides, A. variabilis, A. torulosa and A. osillarioides). The germination...
Mitigation of salt stress in strawberry by foliar K, Ca and Mg nutrient supply
E. Yildirim, H. Karlidag, M. Turan
Plant Soil Environ., 2009, 55(5):213-221 | DOI: 10.17221/383-PSE
Plant root and shoot dry weight, leaf relative water content (LRWC) and chlorophyll content were reduced by 30%, 21%, 15%, 34%, respectively, at 40mM NaCl as compared to non-salt stress conditions. However, membrane permeability (MP) of plant increased (85.0%) with increasing salinity. Foliar nutrient application (FNA) alleviated deleterious effects of salinity stress on growth and this effect was statistically significant. The highest alleviation effect of FNA at 40mM salinity stress was observed in the case of 10mM foliar KNO3 and Ca(NO3)2 application, resulting in increase in plant root dry weight (50%), shoot dry...