Plant, Soil and Environment, 2015 (vol. 61), issue 2
Occurrence of fungal and pesticides contamination in rapeseeds depending on the cultivars and systems of farmingOriginal Paper
D. Remlein-Starosta, D. Drożdżyński, J. Kowalska
Plant Soil Environ., 2015, 61(2):49-54 | DOI: 10.17221/760/2014-PSE 
The aim of this study was to compare the incidence of pathogens and pesticide residues in rapeseed samples depending on integrated and organic cultivation systems and cultivars. No pesticide residue was detected in seeds coming from the organic production system. However, trace amounts of pesticide residues admissible in rapeseed protection were detected for samples from integrated pest management. Seeds from both cultivation systems were most frequently infested by fungi Alternaria brassicicola and A. alternata. The greatest number of Leptosphaeria spp. cultures was obtained from seeds from organic cultivation.
Antagonistic activity of selected fungi occurring in the soil after root chicory cultivationOriginal Paper
E. Patkowska, M. Błażewicz-Woźniak, M. Konopiński
Plant Soil Environ., 2015, 61(2):55-59 | DOI: 10.17221/920/2014-PSE
The present studies determined the antagonistic activity of selected fungi of the soil environment of root chicory -a high-inulin plant, with considerable pro-health values - towards such fungi pathogenic towards this plant as: Altenaria alternata, Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium culmorum, F. oxysporum, Thanatephorus cucumeris and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. The cultivation of root chicory took into consideration soil mulching with cover crops (oats, tansy phacelia and common vetch) as well as the conventional cultivation, i.e. without any cover crops. The total population of fungi after soil mulching...
Nitrogen leaching and residual effect of barley/field bean intercroppingOriginal Paper
M. Mariotti, A. Masoni, L. Ercoli, I. Arduini
Plant Soil Environ., 2015, 61(2):60-65 | DOI: 10.17221/832/2014-PSE
Cereal/legume intercropping may improve resource use efficiency in agroecosystems and increase yield per unit surface area and yield stability. Two field bean (Vicia faba L.) and four barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivars were mono- and intercropped (additive design) in a 2-year lysimeter experiment on a sandy loam soil. The aim was to test the effect of the cropping system on dry matter and N yield of forage, the residual effect on the subsequent ryegrass crop (Lolium multiflorum Lam. westerwoldicum), and NO3-N leaching in the rotation. Land equivalent ratios were 1.65 for dry matter and 1.67 for N yield,...
Exogenous easily extractable glomalin-related soil protein promotes soil aggregation, relevant soil enzyme activities and plant growth in trifoliate orangeOriginal Paper
S. Wang, Q.-S. Wu, X.-H. He
Plant Soil Environ., 2015, 61(2):66-71 | DOI: 10.17221/833/2014-PSE
Studies on glomalin-related soil protein (GRSP) have focused on soil aggregation and fungal physiology, whereas it is not known how exogenous GRSP could positively impact on these processes, soil enzyme activity and plant growth. Easily extractable GRSP [EE-GRSP, 0.022 mg protein/mL citrate buffer (20 mmol, pH 7.0)] from a 26-year-old citrus orchard was exogenously applied into 5-month-old potted trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata) for 3 months to evaluate effects on soil water-stable aggregate distribution, relevant soil enzyme activities and plant growth. Depending on the applied concentrations as 1/2, 1/4 or full strength, exogenous...
Environmental impact of the Al smelter on physiology and macronutrient contents in plants and CambisolsOriginal Paper
M. Kuklová, H. Hniličková, J. Kukla, F. Hnilička
Plant Soil Environ., 2015, 61(2):72-78 | DOI: 10.17221/881/2014-PSE
At present, a serious problem is the loss of soil nutrients in forest ecosystems with acidic atmospheric deposition and heavy metal contamination, which can have negative impact on plant growth. The objective of the research was to verify, whether different distance (1.5 and 18 km) from Al smelter Žiar nad Hronom (Slovak Republic) affects physiology and macronutrient contents (Ca, Mg, K, Na) in plant leaves and Cambisols of the nudal beech forests in Slovenské stredohorie Mts. In the surface of humus horizons significantly lower the amount of Catot was found close to the smelter (stress stand); in Aoq soil horizons up to 60-76% less Natot,...
Colored polyethylene film mulches on weed control, soil conditions and peanut yieldOriginal Paper
T. Sun, Z. Zhang, T. Ning, Q. Mi, X. Zhang, S. Zhang, Z. Liu
Plant Soil Environ., 2015, 61(2):79-85 | DOI: 10.17221/882/2014-PSE
A two-year field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of colored polyethylene (PE) films on weed control, soil temperature and moisture, and pod yield of peanut. By setting a clear PE film (CF) as control, three colored PE films were studied: black-clear-black color-matching film (BCF), silver grey film (SF) and black film (BF). The colored PE films were effective in controlling weeds compared with CF, while BF had the optimal weed control effect. Compared with CF, the colored PE films were not sensitive to air temperature, and had smaller daily temperature variations. Soil moisture at 0-40 cm depth was higher mulched with the colored...
A comparison of 14 soil phosphorus extraction methods applied to 50 agricultural soils from Central EuropeOriginal Paper
R. Wuenscher, H. Unterfrauner, R. Peticzka, F. Zehetner
Plant Soil Environ., 2015, 61(2):86-96 | DOI: 10.17221/932/2014-PSE
Phosphorus (P) fertilization is commonly based on soil testing, for which a variety of different soil P extraction methods are in use. The aim of this study was to compare 14 soil P extraction methods in terms of their extraction yield and their relation to soil properties. Fifty contrasting agricultural topsoils were sampled from Austria and Germany. The soils were extracted with the following methods/extractants: H2O, CaCl2, LiCl, Olsen, Bray and Kurtz II (Bray II), Mehlich 3, calcium-acetate-lactate (CAL), iron oxide impregnated filter papers (Fe-oxide Pi), cation and anion exchange membranes (CAEM), acid ammonium...