Plant Soil Environ., 2016, 62(11):483-489 | DOI: 10.17221/94/2016-PSE

Effect of various biochar rates on winter rye yield and the concentration of available nutrients in the soilOriginal Paper

P. Kraska1, P. Oleszczuk2, S. Andruszczak1, E. Kwiecińska-Poppe1, K. Różyło1, E. Pałys1, P. Gierasimiuk1, Z. Michałojæ3
1 Department of Agricultural Ecology, University of Life Sciences, Lublin, Poland
2 Department of Environmental Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin, Poland
3 Department of Soil Cultivation and Horticultural Plant Fertilization, University of Life Sciences, Lublin, Poland

From 2012 to 2014 a field experiment was conducted on a podzolic soil. The aim of the study was to evaluate the yield and weed infestation of winter rye canopy depending on three biochar rates (10, 20 and 30 t/ha). The biochar was pyrolyzed from wheat straw at 350-650°C. After 12, 24, and 36 months from biochar incorporation into the soil pH, total carbon (C) and some elements in soil were determined. Additionally phytotoxicity of soil solid phase was assessed by the commercial toxicity bioassay - Phytotoxkit. The addition of biochar had a positive influence on grain yield of winter rye, which was related to the nutrient application in the form of biochar. The highest grain yields were obtained when biochar was applied at the rate of 20 t/ha. The air-dry weight of weeds in the rye crop grown in the biochar-amended plots was lower compared to the control plots. Incorporation of biochar into the soil at the rates of 20 and 30 t/ha caused a significant increase in the soil content of total C as well as of available P, K, Mg, Fe and B, relative to the control treatment. Moreover, the biochar-amended soil had higher pH because of the relatively high concentration in the biochar (pHKCl 9.9). The assessment of substrate toxicity revealed that biochar applied at the rates of 10 and 20 t/ha had no negative effects on the germination of Lepidium sativum L.

Keywords: straw coal; chemical properties of soil; secale cereal; yield components

Published: November 30, 2016  Show citation

ACS AIP APA ASA Harvard Chicago Chicago Notes IEEE ISO690 MLA NLM Turabian Vancouver
Kraska P, Oleszczuk P, Andruszczak S, Kwiecińska-Poppe E, Różyło K, Pałys E, et al.. Effect of various biochar rates on winter rye yield and the concentration of available nutrients in the soil. Plant Soil Environ. 2016;62(11):483-489. doi: 10.17221/94/2016-PSE.
Download citation

References

  1. Abrishamkesh S., Gorji M., Asadi H., Bagheri-Marandi G.H., Pourbabaee A.A. (2015): Effects of rice husk biochar application on the properties of alkaline soil and lentil growth. Plant, Soil and Environment, 61: 475-482. Go to original source...
  2. Blackwell P., Krull E., Butler G., Herbert A., Solaiman Z. (2010): Effect of banded biochar on dryland wheat production and fertiliser use in south-western Australia: An agronomic and economic perspective. Australian Journal of Soil Research, 48: 531-545. Go to original source...
  3. Bűendová K., Tlustoč P., Száková J. (2015): Biochar immobilizes cadmium and zinc and improves phytoextraction potential of willow plants on extremely contaminated soil. Plant, Soil and Environment, 61: 303-308. Go to original source...
  4. Chan K.Y., Van Zwieten L., Meszaros I., Downie A., Joseph S. (2008): Using poultry litter biochars as soil amendments. Australian Journal of Soil Research, 46: 437-444. Go to original source...
  5. Curaqueo G., Meier S., Khan N., Cea M., Navia R. (2014): Use of biochar on two volcanic soils: Effects on soil properties and barley yield. Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 14: 911-924. Go to original source...
  6. Farrell M., MacDonald L.M., Butler G., Chirino-Valle I., Condron L.M. (2014): Biochar and fertiliser applications influence phosphorus fractionation and wheat yield. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 50: 169-178. Go to original source...
  7. Gul S., Whalen J.K., Thomas B.W., Sachdeva V., Deng H.Y. (2015): Physico-chemical properties and microbial responses in biocharamended soils: Mechanisms and future directions. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 206: 46-59. Go to original source...
  8. Heitkötter J., Marschner B. (2015): Interactive effects of biochar ageing in soils related to feedstock, pyrolysis temperature, and historic charcoal production. Geoderma, 245-246: 56-64. Go to original source...
  9. Houben D., Evrard L., Sonnet P. (2013): Mobility, bioavailability and pH dependent leaching of cadmium, zinc and lead in a contaminated soil amended with biochar. Chemosphere, 92: 1450-1457. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  10. Hu H.N., Brown P.H. (1997): Absorption of boron by plant roots. Plant and Soil, 193: 49-58. Go to original source...
  11. Jun J., Xu R.-K. (2013): Application of crop straw derived biochars to Cu(II) contaminated Ultisol: Evaluating role of alkali and organic functional groups in Cu(II) immobilization. Bioresource Technology, 133: 537-545. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  12. Karer J., Zehetner F., Kloss S., Wimmer B., Soja G. (2013): Biochar application to temperate soils: Effects on nutrient uptake and crop yield under field conditions. Agricultural and Food Science, 22: 390-403. Go to original source...
  13. Kloss S., Zehetner F., Buecker J., Oburger E., Wenzel W.W., Enders A., Lehmann J., Soja G. (2015): Trace element biogeochemistry in the soil-water-plant system of a temperate agricultural soil amended with different biochars. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 22: 4513-4526. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  14. Kloss S., Zehetner F., Wimmer B., Buecker J., Rempt F., Soja G. (2014): Biochar application to temperate soils: Effects on soil fertility and crop growth under greenhouse conditions. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, 177: 3-15. Go to original source...
  15. Ku¶mierz M., Oleszczuk P., Kraska P., Pałys E., Andruszczak S. (2016): Persistence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in biochar-amended soil. Chemosphere, 146: 272-279. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  16. Lehman J. (2007): Bio-energy in the black. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 5: 381-387. Go to original source...
  17. Lehmann J., Joseph S. (2009): Biochar for Environmental Management: Science and Technology. London, Sterling, VA: Earthscan.
  18. Lehmann J., Rillig M.C., Thies J., Masiello C.A., Hockaday W.C., Crowley D. (2011): Biochar effects on soil biota - A review. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 43: 1812-1836. Go to original source...
  19. Oleszczuk P., Jo¶ko I., Futa B., Pasieczna-Patkowska S., Pałys E., Kraska P. (2014): Effect of pesticides on microorganisms, enzymatic activity and plant in biochar-amended soil. Geoderma, 214-215: 10-18. Go to original source...
  20. Oleszczuk P., Jo¶ko I., Ku¶mierz M. (2013): Biochar properties regarding to contaminants content and ecotoxicological assessment. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 260: 375-382. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  21. Phytotoxkit™ (2004): Seed Germination and Early Growth Microbiotest with Higher Plants, Standard Operation Procedure. Gent, MicroBioTests Inc.
  22. Prendergast-Miller M.T., Duvall M., Sohi S.P. (2014): Biocharroot interactions are mediated by biochar nutrient content and impacts on soil nutrient availability. European Journal of Soil Science, 65: 173-185. Go to original source...
  23. Qayyum M.F., Steffens D., Reisenauer H.P., Schubert S. (2014): Biochars influence differential distribution and chemical composition of soil organic matter. Plant, Soil and Environment, 60: 337-343. Go to original source...
  24. Quilliam R.S., Marsden K.A., Gertler Ch., Rousk J., DeLuca T.H., Jones D.L. (2012): Nutrient dynamics, microbial growth and weed emergence in biochar amended soil are influenced by time since application and reapplication rate. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 158: 192-199. Go to original source...
  25. Rees F., Sterckeman T., Morel J.L. (2016): Root development of non-accumulating and hyperaccumulating plants in metal-contaminated soils amended with biochar. Chemosphere, 142: 48-55. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  26. Schulz H., Dunst G., Glaser B. (2013): Positive effects of composted biochar on plant growth and soil fertility. Agronomy and Sustainable Development, 33: 817-827. Go to original source...
  27. Van Reeuwijk L.P. (1992): Procedures for Soil Analysis. Wageningen, International Soil Reference and Information Centre.
  28. Yanai Y., Toyota K., Okazaki M. (2007): Effects of charcoal addition on N2O emissions from soil resulting from rewetting air-dried soil in short-term laboratory experiments. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 53: 181-188. Go to original source...

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY NC 4.0), which permits non-comercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original publication is properly cited. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.