Plant, Soil and Environment, 2007 (vol. 53), issue 9
The influence of long-term sewage sludge application on the activity of phosphatases in the rhizosphere of plants
J. Balík, D. Pavlíková, V. Vaněk, M. Kulhánek, B. Kotková
Plant Soil Environ., 2007, 53(9):375-381 | DOI: 10.17221/2294-PSE 
Model experiments using rhizoboxes were carried out in order to evaluate the influence of different plants (wheat, rape) on the changes in water extractable contents of P, the pH/H2O value and the activity of acidic and alkaline phosphatase in soil of plant rhizosphere. For this experiment, a Cambisol with different long-term fertilizing systems was used: (i) control (with no fertilizer application), (ii) sewage sludge, and (iii) manure. A lower content of water-soluble P was observed in close vicinities of root surfaces (up to 2 mm) at all the studied variants. The control (non-treated) variant reflected a significantly lower content of water-soluble...
The influence of different intensities of phosphorus fertilizing on available phosphorus contents in soils and uptake by plants
M. Kulhánek, J. Balík, J. Černý, V. Nedvěd, B. Kotková
Plant Soil Environ., 2007, 53(9):382-387 | DOI: 10.17221/2292-PSE
A gradual increase of phosphorus (P) concentrations in combination with organic and mineral fertilizers was applied to clayey soils at six precise experimental field sites with different climatic conditions within the Czech Republic. Soil samples were collected after the harvest of barley. Readily available P concentrations were determined using water and 0.01M CaCl2 extractions, mobile phosphate contents were determined using the extraction procedures Mehlich 3 and Olsen. Furthermore, P uptake by barley plants was assessed. All selected procedures showed that increasing concentrations of applied P increased the mobile and readily available...
Spring malt barley response to elemental sulphur - the prognostic value of N and S concentrations in malt barley leaves
W. Grzebisz, K. Przygocka-Cyna
Plant Soil Environ., 2007, 53(9):388-394 | DOI: 10.17221/2295-PSE
The basic concept of malt barley production is to reach a dilution effect of nitrogen accumulated by grains at maturity. A three-year study was undertaken to establish time courses of nitrogen (N) and sulphur (S) in leaves as the prerequisite tool for total grain yield prognosis. Sulphur application at the lowest rate of 25 kg/ha significantly increased yields of grain in 2001 and 2003. The time course of N and S concentrations in leaves over the growing season showed declining trends for N and variable for S. At mid tillering (BBA-25) both N and S, but at BBA-31 only N concentrations significantly responded to S rates, and in turn affected patterns...
Effect of phosphoric fertilizers as a source of sulphur on malt barley total and technological grain yields
J. Potarzycki, W. Grzebisz
Plant Soil Environ., 2007, 53(9):395-402 | DOI: 10.17221/2289-PSE
Malt barley production requires a technology increasing nitrogen use efficiency, because of a high sensitivity of barley total grain yield and quality parameters to external growth factors. In the conducted study an effect of two P fertilizers on the background of N application on total and technological grain yields were studied. The highest total grain yield was harvested on plots fertilized with 60 kg N/ha, irrespective of the P fertilizer type. However, the technological grain yield showed a high year-to-year variability; the highest was recorded in 2001 on the plot fertilized with 60 kg N/ha and the P-PAPR fertilizer. The N and S concentrations...
Role of cultivation conditions in potato sloughing as indicated by CPEM method
A. Hejlová, J. Blahovec
Plant Soil Environ., 2007, 53(9):403-412 | DOI: 10.17221/2291-PSE
The new CPEM (cooked potato effective mass) method was used to study the sloughing of a potato variety grown in two successive years in six regimes given by different levels and forms of fertilisation and irrigation. The sloughing process is characterized by the cooking time, i.e. the starting point of disintegration, and by the speed of disintegration. Both parameters are also evaluated in dependence on tuber density in linear models of cooking and disintegration stages. Effects of different cultivation regimes were observed in both stages. The sloughing sensitivity to tuber density expressed via the cooking time seemed to be a relatively stable variety...
Survey of molecular phylogenetics
M. Talianová
Plant Soil Environ., 2007, 53(9):413-416 | DOI: 10.17221/2290-PSE
Rapidly increasing amount of biological data necessarily requires techniques that would enable to extract the information hidden in the data. Methods of molecular phylogenetics are commonly used tools as well as objects of continuous research within many fields, such as evolutionary biology, systematics, epidemiology, genomics, etc. The evolutionary process not only determines relationships among species, but also allows prediction of structural, physiological and biochemical properties of biomolecules. The article provides the reader with a brief overview of common methods that are currently employed in the field of molecular phylogenetics.
dCAPS method: advantages, troubles and solution
M. Hrubá
Plant Soil Environ., 2007, 53(9):417-420 | DOI: 10.17221/2293-PSE
In our work, we focus on the evolutionary studies of sex chromosomes. As model organisms we use several species of the plant genus Silene. An important part of our research is represented by genetic mapping based on the assays of DNA length or sequence polymorphisms. Apart from the other methods we also use the dCAPS method, which is very useful for detection of the sequence polymorphisms (SNPs). This method is unique as it is able to detect SNPs that are not situated in any restriction site; a fundamental principle of this method is usage of primer designed with one or two mismatches that bring into the target sequence the mutation in vicinity...