Plant, Soil and Environment, 2012 (vol. 58), issue 10
The effect of risk elements in soil to nitric oxide metabolism in tobacco plants
D. Procházková, D. Haisel, D. Pavlíková, R. Schnablová, J. Száková, R. Vytášek, N. Wilhelmová
Plant Soil Environ., 2012, 58(10):435-440 | DOI: 10.17221/264/2012-PSE 
We studied changes of endogenous nitric oxide content (NO) and of reactive nitrogen species metabolism in transgenic tobacco with prolonged life span (SAG) and in wild tobacco (WT) cultivated in the control and in the polluted soil. There was no difference in the metal accumulation between WT and SAG plants however SAG ones showed better ability to cope with risk elements, as they retained higher membrane stability index and chlorophyll content together with better photochemical efficiency and lower deepoxidation status. Risk elements induced higher NO production in the youngest leaves of both plant types. Low and middle leaves of both WT and SAG plants...
Effects of homobrassinolide in barley callus culture
A. Temel, N. Gozukirmizi
Plant Soil Environ., 2012, 58(10):441-445 | DOI: 10.17221/305/2012-PSE
Thirty-day-old barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Zafer-160) calli were treated with 0, 0.5, 1 µmol/L 22(S),23(S)-Homobrassinolide (HBL) for four weeks. Transfer of calli to hormone-free or HBL-supplemented medium caused an increase in total soluble protein and DNA contents and a decrease in superoxide dismutase (SOD; E.C. 1.15.1.1) activity. 0.5 µmol/L HBL caused the highest protein and DNA levels and the minimum decrease in fresh weight; while the lowest superoxide dismutase activity was recorded in 1 µmol/L HBL-treated group. Calli developed nodular structures and green cell clusters after transfer onto hormone-free or HBL-supplemented...
Nitrogen and phosphorus resorption of Artemisia scoparia, Chenopodium acuminatum, Cannabis sativa, and Phragmites communis under nitrogen and phosphorus additions in a semiarid grassland, China
L.J. Li, D.H. Zeng, R. Mao, Z.Y. Yu
Plant Soil Environ., 2012, 58(10):446-451 | DOI: 10.17221/6339-PSE
A factorial nitrogen (N) × phosphorus (P) addition experiment was conducted to evaluate responses of leaf nutrient resorption to increased soil N and P availability in a semiarid grassland in Keerqin Sandy Lands, China. Four plant species were selected, among which Artemisia scoparia and Chenopodium acuminatum were dominant species in the control and P-added plots, and Cannabis sativa and Phragmites communis were dominant in the N- and N + P-treated plots. Results showed that N and P resorption varied substantially among species (P < 0.01). A general trend of decrease in N resorption efficiency (NRE)...
Long-term agrichemical use leads to alterations in bacterial community diversity
H. Tan, M. Barret, O. Rice, D.N. Dowling, J. Burke, J.P. Morrissey, F. O'Gara
Plant Soil Environ., 2012, 58(10):452-458 | DOI: 10.17221/414/2012-PSE
Bacterial communities are key drivers of soil fertility and agriculture productivity. Understanding how soil bacterial communities change in response to different conditions is an important aspect in the development of sustainable agriculture. There is a desire to reduce the current reliance on high inputs of chemicals and fertilisers in agriculture, but limited data are available on how this might impact soil bacterial communities. This study investigated the bacterial communities in a spring barley monoculture site subjected to two different input regimes for over 12 years: a conventional chemical/fertiliser regime, and a reduced input regime. A...
Compost and biogas residues as basic materials for potting substrates
T.C.V. Do, H.W. Scherer
Plant Soil Environ., 2012, 58(10):459-464 | DOI: 10.17221/445/2012-PSE
Recent concerns over the environmental impact of peat harvesting have led to restrictions on the production of peat based potting substrates. Therefore the objective of our study was to evaluate the use of compost and biogas residues without and each with 20% additives (Perlite, Styromull, Hygromull, Lecaton, Peat, Cocofiber) as a substitute for peat. Ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), chosen as an experimental plant, was cut four times. The results reveal that compost and biogas residues are suitable potting substrates. The incorporation of additives mixed into the basic materials partly resulted in higher yield and nutrient uptake. However, the...
The effect of calcium foliar fertilizers on cv. Ligol apples
J. Lanauskas, N. Kvikliené, N. Uselis, D. Kviklys, L. Buskiené, R. Mažeika, G. Staugaitis
Plant Soil Environ., 2012, 58(10):465-470 | DOI: 10.17221/6342-PSE
The effects of calcium fertilizers on cv. Ligol apples were studied in the experiment conducted at the Lithuanian Institute of Horticulture in 2007-2009. Fertilizers were applied four or eight times from June to September on the 8th-9th leaf of apple trees on P 22 rootstock. Calcium nitrate or liquid calcium fertilizers were used. The results differed over the years of experiment. During the first year, four applications of liquid calcium fertilizers significantly reduced the Mg/Ca ratio in fruit, whereas in 2008 the tendency of decrease in the ratios of K/Ca and Mg/Ca at both fertilizers was observed. The bitter pit incidence...
Copper release kinetics: Effect of two extractants and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) rhizosphere
H.R. Motaghian, A.R. Hosseinpur
Plant Soil Environ., 2012, 58(10):471-476 | DOI: 10.17221/365/2012-PSE
The greenhouse experiment was performed to determine Cu release characteristics in the bulk and the rhizosphere of some calcareous soils using rhizobox. The kinetics of Cu release in the bulk and the rhizosphere soils were determined by successive extraction with diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid-triethanolamine (DTPA-TEA) and 10 mmol/L citric acid in a period of 1 to 504 h at 25 ± 1°C. The results of kinetics study showed that Cu extracted using DTPA-TEA in the rhizosphere soils was significantly (P < 0.01) lower than the bulk soils, while Cu extracted using citric acid in the rhizosphere soils was significantly (P <...
Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria in the production of English ryegrass
D. Stamenov, M. Jarak, S. Đurić, D. Milošev, T. Hajnal-Jafari
Plant Soil Environ., 2012, 58(10):477-480 | DOI: 10.17221/132/2012-PSE
The effect of inoculation with Pseudomonas fluorescens and Bacillus subtilis on the yield of fresh and dry mass of English ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) as well as on the number of rhizospheric microorganisms was studied. The microorganisms were introduced into the soil before sowing. The control plots were not inoculated. The number of microorganisms was determined after the third mowing. The yield was determined after the first, second and third mowing. In comparison with the control, after the first and second mowing, there was a statistically significant increase in the fresh and dry mass in both inoculated variants whereas...