Plant, Soil and Environment, 2012 (vol. 58), issue 5
Impact of beauvericin on membrane properties of young initial leaves of maize with different susceptibility to Fusarium
J. Pavlovkin, I. Mistríková, K. Jašková, L. Tamás
Plant Soil Environ., 2012, 58(5):205-210 | DOI: 10.17221/432/2011-PSE 
In the present study the impact of beauvericin (BEA) on the cell membrane properties and respiration of young initial leaves of maize were studied using two maize cultivars differing in their susceptibility to Fusarium sp. BEA significantly depolarized EM of leaf parenchymal cells and this depolarization showed time and dose dependency regardless on the sensitivity of maize cultivars to Fusarium. However, the extent of BEA-induced depolarization was 2-5 times higher in sensitive cv. Pavla than in tolerant cv. Lucia. Membrane permeability and K+ leakage from leaves cells treated with BEA was higher in sensitive...
Effects of nitrogen application stage on grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency of high-yield summer maize
P. Lü, J.W. Zhang, L.B. Jin, W. Liu, S.T. Dong, P. Liu
Plant Soil Environ., 2012, 58(5):211-216 | DOI: 10.17221/531/2011-PSE
This study aims to explore the optimum nitrogen (N) application method by analyzing effects of variable N application stages and ratios on the N absorption and translocation of high-yield summer maize (DH661). The study included field experiments and 15N isotopic dilutions for pot experiments. Results showed that the yield was not increased in a one-off N application at the jointing stage. The uptake of fertilizer-derived N in the grain increased with the increasing of N applied times. Compared to a single or double application, total N uptake (Nup) and biomass increased significantly by supplying N at the six-leaf stage (V6),...
Impact of Bt-transgenic rice (SHK601) on soil ecosystems in the rhizosphere during crop development
M. Wei, F. Tan, H. Zhu, K. Cheng, X. Wu, J. Wang, K. Zhao, X. Tang
Plant Soil Environ., 2012, 58(5):217-223 | DOI: 10.17221/627/2011-PSE
In contrast to other transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) crops (e.g. Bt maize and cotton), risk assessments of Bt rice on soil ecosystem are few. To assess the influence of Bt rice on rhizosphere soil ecosystems, soil samples from Bt, non-Bt and controls were taken at seedling, tillering, booting, heading and maturing stages. The activities of dehydrogenases, invertase, phenol oxidases, acid phosphatases, ureases and proteases showed no significant differences between Bt and non-Bt rice. A Biolog system was used to evaluate the effect of Bt rice on functional diversity of microbial communities. Although there were differences in carbon...
Assimilatory function and biochemical changes in Stylosanthes hamata grown under elevated CO2
M.J. Baig, R.K. Bhatt, H.S. Tiwari, P. Swami
Plant Soil Environ., 2012, 58(5):224-229 | DOI: 10.17221/695/2011-PSE
We studied the impact of 360 ± 50 µL/l (ambient) and 600 ± 50 µL/L (elevated) CO2 on growth performance, biomass production, photosynthetic efficiency, carbon isotope discrimination, protein profile and some antioxidant enzymes on Stylosanthes hamata. This crop responded significantly to photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate under elevated CO2. The biomass production in terms of fresh and dry was increased in elevated CO2 by 126.81% (fresh) and 114.55% (dry) over ambient CO2. Long term exposure to elevated CO2 enhanced photosynthetic...
Effect of elevated CO2 and temperature on phosphorus efficiency of wheat grown in an Inceptisol of subtropical India
Manoj-Kumar, A. Swarup, A.K. Patra, J.U. Chandrakala, K.M. Manjaiah
Plant Soil Environ., 2012, 58(5):230-235 | DOI: 10.17221/749/2011-PSE
In a phytotron experiment, wheat was grown under two levels of atmospheric CO2 [ambient (385 ppm) vs. elevated (650 ppm)], two levels of temperature (ambient vs. ambient +3°C) superimposed with three levels of phosphorus (P) fertilization: 0, 100, and 200% of recommended dose. Various measures of P acquisition and utilization efficiency were estimated at crop maturity. In general, dry matter yields of all plant parts increased under elevated CO2 (EC) and decreased under elevated temperature (ET); however, under concurrently elevated CO2 and temperature (ECT), root (+36%) and leaf (+14.7%) dry weight increased while...
Alanine conjugate of indole-3-butyric acid improves rooting of highbush blueberries
S. Mihaljević, B. Salopek-Sondi
Plant Soil Environ., 2012, 58(5):236-241 | DOI: 10.17221/34/2012-PSE
Auxins and their synthetic analogues are commonly used for rooting of cuttings, but their efficiency depends on experimental set-up and, even more importantly, on species or cultivar, and type of explants investigated. In attempt to improve rooting procedure for highbush blueberries (Vaccinium corymbosum L.), we investigated alanine conjugate of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA-Ala) as potential root-promoting compound and compared with commonly used auxins indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). The effect of different concentrations of auxins on the rooting of highbush blueberry stem cuttings (var. Bluecrop, Bluetta, Burlington...
Sulfur fractions in particle-size separates as influenced by long-term application of mineral and organic fertilizers
H.W. Scherer, G. Welp, S. Förster
Plant Soil Environ., 2012, 58(5):242-248 | DOI: 10.17221/78/2012-PSE
A field experiment established in 1962 was chosen to investigate the effect of long-term application of farmyard manure (FYM), compost (COM) and sewage sludge (SS), respectively, in two increments as compared to mineral fertilizer on inorganic and organic S fractions in particle-size separates (< 0.002 mm, 0.002-0.02 mm, 0.02-2 mm). Independent of the particle-size the application of the high amounts of COM and SS resulted in the highest total S contents. It is evident that the particle-size fractions < 0.002 mm contained the majority of total soil sulfur (S). The content of plant available S (water-soluble and adsorbed SO42-)...