Plant, Soil and Environment, 2011 (vol. 57), issue 9
Hydrogen peroxide acts as a signal molecule in CO2 laser pretreatment-induced osmotic tolerance in wheat seedling
Z.B. Qiu, Q. Li, Z.Z. Bi, M. Yue
Plant Soil Environ., 2011, 57(9):403-408 | DOI: 10.17221/271/2010-PSE 
The objective of this study was to test whether hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is involved in laser pretreatment-induced water tolerance in wheat seedlings due to its nature as a second messenger in stress responses. The results showed that 3 min laser pretreatment could enhance water tolerance in wheat seedlings by decreasing the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA), the production rate of superoxide radical (O2-), and increasing the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and glutathione reductase (GR) and the concentration of glutathione (GSH),...
Spatial variability and patterns of surface soil moisture in a field plot of karst area in southwest China
J.G. Zhang, H.S. Chen, Y.R. Su, X.L. Kong, W. Zhang, Y. Shi, H.B. Liang, G.M. Shen
Plant Soil Environ., 2011, 57(9):409-417 | DOI: 10.17221/374/2010-PSE
A field plot (100 m × 50 m) was chosen in a karst depression area of Huanjiang County, Guangxi Province of southwest China, with the aim of characterizing the variability and patterns of upper 15 cm soil moisture. Soil moisture content was measured at 5 m intervals by gravimetric method during dry and rainy seasons in 2005. Results indicated that the surface soil moisture presented a strong spatial dependence at the sampling times in the field scale. The variability of soil moisture by CV values and sill decreased with the increasing mean field soil moisture content either in dry or rainy season. In the dry season, mean soil moisture had a...
Nitric oxide effect on root architecture development in Malus seedlings
H.J. Gao, H.Q. Yang
Plant Soil Environ., 2011, 57(9):418-422 | DOI: 10.17221/209/2011-PSE
The time-dependent production of nitric oxide (NO) in roots induced by indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and the effect of sodium nitroprusside (SNP) on root architecture development were investigated, using Malus hupehensis Rehd. seedlings. Following IBA application, a very rapid increase in NO formation and a subsequent second wave of NO burst was observed, which was related to the induction of lateral roots (LRs) and the organogenesis of lateral root primordia (LRP), respectively. The first NO burst was correlated with the second and the two peaks of NO burst induced by IBA were totally abolished by 3,3',4',5,7-pentahydroxyflavone (quercetin)....
Production of morphine and variability of significant characters of Papaver somniferum L.
E. Matyášová, J. Novák, I. Stránská, A. Hejtmánková, M. Skalický, K. Hejtmánková, V. Hejnák
Plant Soil Environ., 2011, 57(9):423-428 | DOI: 10.17221/222/2011-PSE
Opium poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) is currently an important agricultural commodity, with the product being used in the food industry (seed) as well as in the pharmaceutical industry (morphine and other alkaloids). Intensive production of poppy leads to a specific direction of breeding with the aim to obtain highly productive cultivars of the so-called food industry or industrial type. The paper evaluates 57 genetic resources (mostly cultivars), comparing the groups of values representing the indicators of production-significant morphologic and agricultural characters (capsule size; morphine content in poppy straw; weight of dry, empty capsule)...
Effects of sulfur application on sulfur and arsenic absorption by rapeseed in arsenic-contaminated soil
L. Zhong, C. Hu, Q. Tan, J. Liu, X. Sun
Plant Soil Environ., 2011, 57(9):429-434 | DOI: 10.17221/224/2011-PSE
A pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of arsenic (As) and sulfur (S) interaction on yield and their accumulation and distribution in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.). The results showed that (1) at the same level of S treatment, application of As significantly decreased rapeseed grain and biomass yield; (2) Application of S significantly increased the grain and biomass yield of rapeseed when As was applied; (3) When As application rate increased, As content significantly increased in different parts of rapeseed, and reached their highest level at120 mg/kg As. Arsenic content from seed were all below 1 mg/kg AS. Addition of S significantly...
Influence of crop management upon the agronomic traits of spelt (Triticum spelta L.)
A. Pospišil, M. Pospišil, Z. Svečnjak, S. Matotan
Plant Soil Environ., 2011, 57(9):435-440 | DOI: 10.17221/121/2011-PSE
Investigations were carried out at the experimental field of the Faculty of Agriculture in Zagreb in the growing seasons 2008/2009 and 2009/2010 with the aim to determine the influence of seeding rate and fungicide treatment upon the yield and yield components of spelt (Triticum spelta L.). The trial included two spelt cultivars: Nirvana and Ostro, three seeding rates: 200, 300, and 400 germinated seeds/m2, and a fungicide treatment (tebuconazole). Cultivar Nirvana produced a significantly higher grain yield in both trial years, higher number of spikelets per spike, higher grain number and mass per spike. Cultivar Ostro had a significantly...
Analysis of various implementations of hop strings during hop production
A. Rybka, P. Heřmánek, I. Honzík, J. Mašek, L. Vent
Plant Soil Environ., 2011, 57(9):441-446 | DOI: 10.17221/5911-PSE
Hop purchasers impose still higher requirements on the quality of the final product, which is why hop granules have to be divested of all possible impurities. One of the places that are most at risk from the given point of view is the making of hop strings and the way they are attached to the hop-field supporting structure. Commonly used hop string attachments very often remain on the supporting structure after the harvest, spontaneously loosen in the following years, penetrate into the post-harvest processing stage of the technological procedure and negatively influence the output quality of the hops. The article summarizes the results of field experiments...