Plant, Soil and Environment - Latest articles
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Lessons learnt from the use of passive samplers to measure ammonia emissions in multi-plot experiments
Nils Carsten Thomas Ellersiek, Hans-Werner Olfs
Plant Soil Environ., 2024, 70(12):760-771 | DOI: 10.17221/453/2024-PSE 
Chemical additives can reduce ammonia emissions from ammonium-containing fertilisers. We aimed to investigate the effect of an additive based on carboxylic acid derivatives on ammonia emissions from slurry. In a randomised multi-plot field trial, three slurry treatments with increasing amounts of the additive based on carboxylic acid derivates were tested in comparison to untreated slurry and mineral fertiliser. Ammonia emissions were measured with so-called passive samplers, a method already used in numerous studies. However, problems arose during the evaluation of the collected data, so we examined the methodology used in more detail. The results...
Evaluation of mechanical and combined chemical with mechanical weeding in maize (Zea mays L.), soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr. and winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Roland Gerhards, Kerstin Hüsgen, Klaus Gehring
Plant Soil Environ., 2024, 70(12):751-759 | DOI: 10.17221/386/2024-PSE
Joint field experiments were established in Southwestern Germany to investigate the potential of herbicide savings on-farm sites with high densities of problematic weed species. From 2020 until 2024, 21 field studies were conducted in maize, soybean and winter wheat, all realised as randomised complete block designs with four replications. Mechanical weeding and two combined chemical with mechanical weeding methods were compared to conventional broadcast pre- and post-emergence herbicide spraying and an untreated control. Weed density, herbicide savings, greenhouse gas emissions and crop yield were determined for all treatments. On average, 142 weeds/m2...
Agricultural waste-based lactic acid production by the fungus Rhizopus oryzae: a tool for sustainable polylactic acid production for agricultural use – a review
Chandra Sekhar Paul, Luka Stefanovic, Tatiana Robledo-Mahón, Filip Mercl, Jiřina Száková, Pavel Tlustoš
Plant Soil Environ., 2024, 70(12):739-750 | DOI: 10.17221/416/2024-PSE
Lactic acid has gained considerable attention globally due to its multi-purpose application. Commercial lactic acid production uses the fungal species Rhizopus oryzae, which produces other organic acids. A crucial point of effective fungal organic acid production is matching the fungal strains’ requirements, where the carbon source plays a major role. The highest production rate is achieved when glucose is used as a carbon source. Alternatively, we can apply carbon-rich agricultural residues as carbon sources. Using agricultural waste for lactic acid production provides a sustainable and cost-effective feedstock but also helps to reduce greenhouse...
Denitrification and Anammox and Feammox in the Yinchuan Yellow River wetland
Qingsong Guan, Yiqiao Zhou, Shuo Li, Fan Yang, Rentao Liu
Plant Soil Environ., 2024, 70(11):731-738 | DOI: 10.17221/318/2024-PSE
Denitrification, anaerobic ammonium oxidation (Anammox), and ferric iron reduction coupled with anaerobic ammonium oxidation (Feammox) are the nitrogen removal pathways in natural ecosystems. In this study, the differences between these three nitrogen removal pathways in a Phragmites australis covered site (LW), artificial grassland covered site (CD), poplar covered site (YD), and topsoil tillage after harvesting reed site (GD) in the Yinchuan Yellow River wetland were investigated using isotope tracing, metagenome, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (Q-PCR) techniques. No 30N2 accumulation was detected in 15NH4+...
Magnesium deficiency or excess hinders tomato growth, potassium and calcium uptake
Huixia Li, Fang Liu, Xueke Zhang, Jingbo Gao, Ping Chen
Plant Soil Environ., 2024, 70(11):719-730 | DOI: 10.17221/473/2023-PSE
Despite accumulating evidence for the adverse effects of magnesium (Mg) deficiency or excess on grain crops, how Mg imbalance affects plant growth and potassium (K) and calcium (Ca) nutrition in vegetable crops is still unclear. The aim of this study was to ascertain the response of plant growth, nutrient uptake and Mg-K-Ca interactions in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) to various levels of Mg supply. The growth parameters and nutrient contents of hydroponic plants were measured under the Mg levels of 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 3.0 mmol/L Mg2+ from seedling to fruit ripening stage. Results showed that both Mg deficiency (0 mmol/L Mg2+)...
Information sources in agriculture
Jan Jarolímek, Jakub Samek, Pavel Šimek, Michal Stočes, Jiří Vaněk, Jan Pavlík
Plant Soil Environ., 2024, 70(11):712-718 | DOI: 10.17221/361/2024-PSE
The aim of this study is to define data sources and propose methods for effective and secure data management in an agricultural enterprise in the context of using data for decision support. Current developments in information and communication technology (ICT) have contributed towards the increase in the amount of generated data in various fields. The main data sources for agricultural enterprises are the farm itself, suppliers, government, market, and research. The use of smart solutions, artificial intelligence, and other innovative practices in agriculture is discussed at many conferences, in various journals, strategies and project plans. Data...
Ferric oxide nano-priming enhances photosynthetic and physicochemical properties of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) microgreens
Aayushi Gupta, Rohit Bharati, Jan Kubes, Pavla Vachova, Daniela Popelkova, Lovely Mahawar, Marek Zivcak, Xinghong Yang, Marian Brestic, Milan Skalicky
Plant Soil Environ., 2024, 70(11):702-711 | DOI: 10.17221/272/2024-PSE
In modern agriculture, nano-priming represents an innovative approach, harnessing the power of nanotechnology to enhance crop yields and nutrition. However, to effectively harness the potential of nanoparticles (NPs) for agriculture applications, understanding their mode of action and optimal application rates for positive effects on microgreen growth and physiology is critical. In this interdisciplinary study, we investigated the priming of sunflower seeds with a range of concentrations (25, 50, and 100 mg/L) of ferric oxide (Fe2O3) nanoparticles (FeNPs) and compared them with control samples. Our findings revealed a significant...
Effects of mineral/organic fertilisation on the soil organic nitrogen pool in a semi‑arid steppe
Dongqi Jiang, Nan Jiang, Zhuo Wang, Chenran Wu, Lijun Chen, Yulan Zhang, Zhenhua Chen
Plant Soil Environ., 2024, 70(11):695-701 | DOI: 10.17221/160/2024-PSE
Compared to solely mineral fertiliser application, organic fertiliser substitution has been demonstrated to be effective in enhancing nitrogen cycling in cropland, but the relevant research based on grassland is still insufficient. A field experiment was carried out in the grasslands of northern China to examine the impact of mineral/organic fertilisation on soil organic nitrogen fractions, activities of soil N-hydrolysing enzymes and their interrelationships. The results showed that the active soil organic nitrogen pool (hydrolysable NH4+-N + amino sugar-N + amino acid N) increased significantly after fertilisation, and organic...
Anti-diabetic effect of rice extract constituents through the molecular inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase activity
Subhashini Ramakrishnan, Thomas Jebastin, Sumathy Raj, Ariyamuthu Ramathilaga, Rithik Selvaraj, Najat A. Bukhari A., Ashraf Atef Hatamleh, Anis Ahamed
Plant Soil Environ., 2024, 70(11):683-694 | DOI: 10.17221/150/2024-PSE
Carbohydrate digestive enzymes like α-amylase and α-glucosidase can be used to treat and manage diabetes. By inhibiting these enzymes, carbohydrate digestion slowed down, lowering the level of glucose entry into the bloodstream and preventing postprandial hyperglycemia. However, the effectiveness of current antidiabetic agents is limited due to their adverse effects. Therefore, the current study explored natural inhibitors from the methanol extract of rice to combat this issue. Through an integrated approach, four different rice cultivars were analysed and found that red rice methanol extract compounds stigmasterol and 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic...
Prohexadione calcium regulates wheat tolerance to drought stress by maintaining water balance and promoting antioxidant metabolism and photosynthesis
Ziyang Zhang
Plant Soil Environ., 2024, 70(10):673-681 | DOI: 10.17221/247/2024-PSE
This study explored whether and how prohexadione calcium (Pro-Ca) regulated wheat tolerance to drought stress (DS). Findings displayed that DS had significant influence on antioxidant metabolism, water balance and the photosynthesis. DS significantly improved the activity level of enzymatic antioxidants superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX), the contents of non-enzymatic antioxidants ascorbic acid (AsA) and glutathione (GSH), electrolyte leakage (EL), malondialdehyde (MDA), and the contents of osmotic regulatory substances soluble protein (SP), soluble sugars (SS) and proline (Pro), compared with...
Innovative approach to utilising magnetic fields to enhance wheat yield: evidence from field studies in China
Yinglei Zhang, Hangyu Dou, Liuyang yang, Yihan Zhang, Wei Sun, Yihao Ruan, Jiameng Guo, Yongchao Wang, Ruixin Shao, Qinghua Yang, Hao Wang
Plant Soil Environ., 2024, 70(10):656-672 | DOI: 10.17221/285/2024-PSE
Magnetic fields, as a form of physical energy, exert an influence on biological activities. However, our current understanding of the impact of magnetic fields on wheat yield remains limited. In this study, our objective was to investigate the effects of magnetic field treatment of wheat plants on their yield, root growth, absorption of nitrogen and phosphorus and soil bacterial diversity. The experiments were conducted at two agricultural research stations in China, Zhengzhou and Xuchang. Plants were treated with magnetic fields of 20, 40, 60, and 80 mT induced by permanent magnets for chronic exposure. Untreated plants were considered as controls....
Serendipita indica improve seed germination and seedling growth of Lolium multiflorum Lam. through amelioration of osmotic adjustment, nutrient accumulation and Na+/K+ homoeostasis under salinity conditions
Binghua Liu, Xinghong Liu, Lianjia Yu, Xingjian Dun, Hailin Ma, Fangchun Liu, Lin Peng
Plant Soil Environ., 2024, 70(10):644-655 | DOI: 10.17221/244/2024-PSE
A pot experiment was carried out to determine the effect of Serendipita indica on the salt response of Lolium multiflorum Lam. Although the salinity decreased the root colonisation of S. indica by 28.34%, successful colonisation of S. indica increased the seed germination rate, fresh weight, leaf relative water content and chlorophyll content by 28.09, 59.01, 38.78 and 28.80%, respectively, compared with uncolonised seedlings. Under salinity, leaf malondialdehyde content, leaf relative electrical conductivity, as well as Na+ content and Na+/K+ ratio in leaves and roots of S. indica-colonised...
Enhanced maize yield and nitrogen efficiency with low molecular weight fulvic acid: insights into chlorophyll a/b ratio and nitrogen metabolising enzyme activity
Fugui Li, Shujie Zhang, Longhang Chai, Zhiqiang Guo, Peipei Li, Yanlai Han, Yi Wang
Plant Soil Environ., 2024, 70(10):632-643 | DOI: 10.17221/320/2024-PSE
This study investigates the impact of various molecular weights (MWs) of fulvic acid (FA) on maize growth, grain yield, and nutrient uptake under different nitrogen levels (NLs). A 2 × 3 balanced design was employed, with high (0.2 g N/kg) and low (0.05 g N/kg) NLs, and three FA MW ranges (W1 ≤ 3 000 D, 3 000 < W2 ≤ 10 000 D, W3 > 10 000 D) were applied at 25 mg/kg in soil. Significant interactions between NLs and FA MWs were observed in chlorophyll a/b ratio, nitrate reductase and glutamate dehydrogenase activities, nitrogen content, and nitrogen uptake efficiency. Overall, under different NLs, FA application reduced chlorophyll...
Alleviating cadmium toxicity in maize plants: role of glycine betaine in enhancing growth, photosynthetic efficiency, water status, and antioxidant defense mechanism
Abeer Hamdy Elhakem
Plant Soil Environ., 2024, 70(10):617-631 | DOI: 10.17221/66/2024-PSE
The issue of heavy metals (HMs) contamination poses a significant challenge in the environment, exerting a severe impact on the growth and productivity of crops. Cadmium (Cd) is specifically identified as the seventh heavy metal among the top 20 pollutants, primarily due to its elevated phytotoxicity and its solubility in water. In the current study, foliar application of glycine betaine (GB) (500 µmol) investigated the toxic effects of cadmium in maize plants subjected to two Cd concentrations (50 and 100 µmol) as CdCl2. The maize plants exposed to Cd stress exhibited a massive reduction in growth, biomass, photosynthetic pigments [chlorophyll...
Response of maize (Zea mays L.) on yield, physiology and stomatal behaviour under two different elevated CO2 concentrations. Do these anatomical changes affect the physiology of the C4 crop plant under high CO2 conditions?
Khan Ira, Vanaja Maddi, Sathish Poldasari, Faizan Mohammad, Soysal Sipan, Rajput Vishnu D., Djalovic Ivica, Trivan Goran, Alam Pravej
Plant Soil Environ., 2024, 70(10):601-616 | DOI: 10.17221/105/2024-PSE
Rising CO2 concentration in the atmosphere is a matter of global concern and poses apprehension about how plants will adapt to the changing environment. Various studies have proved that under high CO2 levels, plant physiology alters and affects plant functioning. However, under elevated CO2, the stomatal characters and their relation with physiological responses are still not yet clear. To find out these changes in the stomatal parameters at ambient and two elevated CO2 (550 ppm and 700 ppm) levels, four genotypes of maize (Zea mays L.) viz. DHM-117, Harsha, Varun and M-24 were grown in open-top chambers....
γ-aminobutyric acid enhances the antioxidant defense system and photosynthetic performance of wheat seedlings under cadmium stress
Yuanzhi Fu
Plant Soil Environ., 2024, 70(9):590-599 | DOI: 10.17221/199/2024-PSE
In this paper, I elucidated the influence of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) on wheat cadmium (Cd) tolerance. Research results manifested that Cd stress increased superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione peroxidase activities, and ascorbic acid (AsA) and glutathione (GSH) contents. However, Cd stress decreased AsA/ dehydroascorbic acid (DHA) and GSH/oxidised glutathione (GSSG) ratios, and inhibited photosynthetic performance and plant growth. Compared to Cd alone, GABA plus Cd improved wheat Cd tolerance by increasing the activities of above antioxidant enzymes, AsA and GSH contents, and AsA/DHA and GSH/GSSG...
Dynamics of Cry1Ac protein and soil enzyme activity in the rhizosphere of transgenic Bt oilseed rape
Zhengjun Guan, Wei Wei, Yanlin Huo, C. Neal Stewart Jr., Zhixi Tang
Plant Soil Environ., 2024, 70(9):580-589 | DOI: 10.17221/330/2024-PSE
In this study, three insect-resistant transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) oilseed rape events (GT1, GT5 and GT9) under field conditions were utilised to analyse the dynamics of Cry1Ac protein and the changes in soil enzyme activities in the rhizosphere soil of transgenic Bt plants during different growth stages over two successive cultivation years. The results indicated that compared to the non-transgenic control plant cv. Westar, the amount of Cry1Ac protein in the rhizosphere soil of the three transgenic oilseed rape events was significantly higher during the flowering and podding stages in the first cultivation year. Additionally,...
Effects of cultivation duration of the crop and growth stages on rhizosphere soil physicochemical properties, enzyme activities, and microbial communities of ginseng under forest
Yuchi Zhao, Qiuyu Wang, Shuaiqi Feng, Yang Zhang, Weiwei Dong, Wenxiu Ji
Plant Soil Environ., 2024, 70(9):562-579 | DOI: 10.17221/250/2024-PSE
In this study, Illumina MiSeq sequencing of 16S and ITS2 rRNA genes were used to determine the dynamic changes in bacterial and fungal communities and soil properties and enzyme activities in rhizosphere soil of ginseng under forest after 5, 10 and 15 years of cultivation and different growth stages. Results showed that the changes were particularly prominent in 10-year-old ginseng under forest, and the trends of organic carbon, alkaline hydrolysed nitrogen, and available potassium were extremely similar in different duration of the crop, especially in the middle stage of rapid root growth, when soil nutrient consumption was severe, and soil enzyme...
Roots of Lupinus angustifolius L. and enzyme activities in soil contaminated by toxic elements
Milan Novák, Veronika Zemanová, Jindřich Černý, Daniela Pavlíková
Plant Soil Environ., 2024, 70(9):552-561 | DOI: 10.17221/194/2024-PSE
The impact of toxic elements (TEs) contaminating the root zone of Lupinus angustifolius L. on enzymatic activities, nitrification rate, and changes in the root system was evaluated. Lupine was cultivated in a pot experiment using two types of soil – control and contamination (with a high degree of arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) contamination). After harvesting lupine biomass, enzyme activities (β-glucosidase, acid phosphatase, arylsulphatase, lipase, chitinase, cellobiohydrolase, alanine aminopeptidase, and leucine aminopeptidase) in soils were analysed. Enzyme activities decreased with TE soil contamination....
Gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence of four sorghum genotypes under drought stress and rehydratation
František Hnilička, Helena Hniličková, Tomáš Rýgl
Plant Soil Environ., 2024, 70(9):543-551 | DOI: 10.17221/292/2024-PSE
Water deficit (drought) is an important environmental factor affecting physiological processes in plants. The present work focuses on the study of changes in physiological responses of juvenile plants (plants in the vegetative phase of growth BBCH 14–16) of selected sorghum genotypes Dokok, 30485, Barnard Red and Ruzrok to water deficit and after rehydration. Water deficit affected the observed physiological parameters – gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence. Genotypic differences were also confirmed, with Dokok appearing to be the more sensitive genotype and Ruzrok and Barnard Red appearing to be tolerant. Following rehydration, these...
Effects of controlled irrigation on global warming potential based on CH4, N2O and CO2 fluxes in plateau paddy field
Shufang Wang, Hongchun Bi, Liping Wang, Jing Wang, Ying Wang, Lihong Chen
Plant Soil Environ., 2024, 70(9):535-542 | DOI: 10.17221/453/2023-PSE
A suitable irrigation pattern is of great significance for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. In this study, field experiments and a denitrification-decomposition (DNDC) model were used to study the global warming potential based on CH4, N2O and CO2 fluxes under flooding irrigation and controlled irrigation in paddy fields in the Erhai Lake basin. The results showed that the average value of CH4 flux under controlled irrigation was lower than that under flooding irrigation, with a reduction range of 43.21% to 48.88%, however, the average value of the N2O and CO2 fluxes from paddy field...
Rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil organic carbon and its labile fractions in alpine desertified grassland affected by vegetation restoration
Chuanyu Zhou, Hongyu Qian, Aiyang Liu, Yufu Hu, Wei Wang, Gang Chen, Zhi Li
Plant Soil Environ., 2024, 70(8):523-533 | DOI: 10.17221/106/2024-PSE
Grasslands are the predominant land use type in China, which is currently encountering significant desertification issues. Consequently, restoring grassland vegetation has important implications for terrestrial carbon (C) levels and, consequently, the global C balance. This study focused on Salix cupularis, the primary plant used for desert control on the eastern edge of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. We analysed the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil up to the depth of 60 cm after Salix cupularis growth for 0–24 years, examining soil total organic carbon (TOC) and its labile fractions. Following restoration, there was a gradual increase in TOC...
Effect of the combination of nitrapyrin and gamma-aminobutyric acid on soil nitrogen transformation characteristics and rice yield
Furong Xiao, Chen Feng, Dongpo Li, Lili Zhang, Yonghua Li, Yandi Du, Yan Xue, Ping Gong, Yuchao Song, Ke Zhang, Yiji Zhang
Plant Soil Environ., 2024, 70(8):509-522 | DOI: 10.17221/95/2024-PSE
When 2-chloro-6-(trichloromethyl) pyridine (nitrapyrin) is applied alone, it typically does not significantly increase crop yield. Therefore, we combined gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) with nitrapyrin to address the limitations of nitrapyrin in enhancing yield. We conducted indoor incubation experiments and pot experiments in Chernozem and Calcic Kastanozem, respectively. The results demonstrated that GABA exerted an influence on the effectiveness of nitrapyrin by altering its degradation rate. In Chernozem, GABA accelerated nitrapyrin degradation, whereas, in Calcic Kastanozem, the results were the opposite. The pot experiment results showed that...
The role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in refining plant photosynthesis and water status under drought stress: a meta-analysis
Murugesan Chandrasekaran
Plant Soil Environ., 2024, 70(8):502-508 | DOI: 10.17221/27/2024-PSE
Due to increased climate change, crop productivity worldwide is in danger. Drought stress is considered one of the major environmental factors in relation to world food security. Previous studies showed that arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) inoculation alleviates drought stress in various plants. However, whether AMF inoculation efficiency is based on gas exchange or water status and whether the effects differ among plants and AMF species remain unclear. To evaluate the effect of AMF on drought stress alleviation, a meta-analysis was conducted based on random-effect models accounting for effect size variation. Results revealed that photosynthetic...
Effects of dose nitrogen on yield and global warming potential in a typical rice-wheat rotation system in China
Shujie Miao, Yinzheng Ma, Yue Wu, Yunfa Qiao
Plant Soil Environ., 2024, 70(8):492-501 | DOI: 10.17221/25/2024-PSE
A three-year field experiment was carried out to investigate the methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions and calculate the global warming potential (GWP) according to all energy input in response to the nitrogen (N) rate in the typical rice-wheat rotation system in Jiangsu, China. Four N treatments, including R220W180 (local practice), R220W140 (cutting 10% total N in wheat season), R180W180 (cutting 10% total N in rice season) and R180W140 (cutting 20% total N in rice and wheat seasons separately), were designed in the study. Results showed that annual CH4 emission was decreased by 25.7% in response to cutting...
Poly-glutamic acid reinforces wheat cadmium tolerance by modulating ascorbic acid and glutathione metabolism
Limin Wu, Qiumei Zhang, Ninghai Lu
Plant Soil Environ., 2024, 70(8):483-491 | DOI: 10.17221/154/2024-PSE
We investigated the influence of poly-glutamic acid (PGA) on ascorbic acid (AsA) and glutathione (GSH) metabolism in leaves of wheat seedlings under cadmium (Cd) stress. The results showed that Cd stress enhanced ascorbate peroxidase, dehydroascorbate reductase, monodehydroascorbate reductase, glutathione reductase, gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase and L-galactono-1,4-lactone dehydrogenase activities, and increased AsA and GSH contents. Whereas Cd reduced AsA/dehydroascorbic acid (DHA) and GSH/oxidised glutathione (GSSG) ratios and increased malondialdehyde (MDA) content and electrolyte leakage (EL). Meanwhile, Cd stress improved Cd accumulation and...
Integrated effect of irrigation rate and plant density on yield, yield components and water use efficiency of maize
Miodrag Tolimir, Branka Kresović, Katarina Gajić, Violeta Anđelković, Milan Brankov, Marijana Dugalić, Boško Gajić
Plant Soil Environ., 2024, 70(8):475-482 | DOI: 10.17221/155/2024-PSE
We investigated, under field conditions and during four years (2018–2021) the effects of five irrigation levels (T1: 100% of crop water requirement; T2: 80% of T1; T3: 60% of T1; T4: 40% of T1, and T5: 0% of T1 – rainfed) in interaction with three planting densities (PD1: 54 900, PD2: 64 900, and PD3 75 200 plants/ha) on the yield, yield components and water use efficiency (WUE) of maize in Srem, Serbia. The results indicate a large year-to-year variability, mainly due to the total amount and distribution of rainfall. Water regime and PD interacted significantly. Irrigation increased grain yield 28, 34, 30 and 18% for treatments T1, T2,...
Biostimulants and herbicides shape the structure of potato tuber yield
Krystyna Zarzecka, Marek Gugała
Plant Soil Environ., 2024, 70(7):468-473 | DOI: 10.17221/103/2024-PSE
The aim of the study was to assess the impact of three biostimulants and a herbicide on selected unit parameters of potato yield. The research results came from a three-year field experiment that was established using the randomised sub-blocks method in three replications. In the experiment, two cultivars of edible potato were grown and the yield-protective effect of treatments was assessed: (1) control object without protection with preparations; (2) herbicide clomazone + metribuzin; (3) biostimulant PlonoStart and herbicide clomazone + metribuzin; (4) biostimulant Aminoplant and herbicide clomazone + metribuzin, and (5) biostimulant Agro-Sorb Folium...
Poly-glutamic acid mitigates the negative effects of salt stress on wheat seedlings by regulating the photosynthetic performance, water physiology, antioxidant metabolism and ion homeostasis
Qidi Zhu, Yanyan Li, Niuniu Zhang, Yilin Wu, Xingqi Ou
Plant Soil Environ., 2024, 70(7):454-467 | DOI: 10.17221/114/2024-PSE
o uncover the regulatory metabolism of poly-glutamic acid (PGA) in protecting wheat crops against salt stress (SS) at the physiological level, we utilised hydroponic experiments to explore the roles of PGA in regulating the photosynthetic performance, water physiology, antioxidant metabolism and ion homeostasis of wheat seedlings exposed to SS for 10 days. The findings demonstrated that SS inhibited the photosynthetic performance of wheat seedlings. In contrast, different doses of PGA all improved the photosynthetic performance, especially for 0.3% PGA. Compared with SS, 0.3% PGA plus SS decreased nonphotochemical quenching (qN) by 26.3%...
Adjusting the sowing date of fresh maize to promote grain filling, key starch synthesis enzymes, and yield
Lin An, Hailong Wei, Yi Cheng, Jun Zou, Jin Zuo, Dailing Liu, Bi Song
Plant Soil Environ., 2024, 70(7):438-453 | DOI: 10.17221/490/2023-PSE
Clarifying the effects of meteorological factors on the growth and development of fresh maize after delayed sowing is important for selecting appropriate sowing dates and improving yield. Six sowing dates (B1 (March 10); B2 (March 20); B3 (March 30); B4 (April 9); B5 (April 19), and B6 (April 29)) and three fresh maize cultivars (A1 (Wan Nuo 2000); A2 (Nongke Nuo 336), and A3 (Caitian Nuo 6)) were chosen for experiments conducted between 2021 and 2022 in Guiyang, Qingzhen City, China. The results showed that the whole growth period and sowing-silking period were significantly reduced with delayed sowing, while the grain-filling period was relatively...